25,729 articles
PREVENT-DX study
PREVENT-DX (NCT04344704) is a Spanish-led, randomized, open-label multicenter study of 462 patients comparing a single-chamber ICD with a DX floating atrial dipole and SMART algorithm against conventional single-chamber discrimination for preventing inappropriate therapies and MACCE over 24 months.
Preventive analgesia
Preventive analgesia is a perioperative pain-management strategy in which analgesic treatment, given before or after surgery, reduces acute pain and lowers the risk of chronic postsurgical pain.
Preventive cardiology
Preventive cardiology is the cardiology subspecialty that assesses a person's risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and reduces it through risk-factor management, drug therapy, and lifestyle intervention.
Preventive chemotherapy (public health)
Preventive chemotherapy is a WHO public health strategy that delivers safe, single-dose medicines at regular intervals to entire at-risk populations for parasitic neglected tropical diseases, without prior individual diagnosis.
Preventive Dentistry
Preventive dentistry, also called dental prophylaxis, is the branch of dentistry preventing oral disease through fluoride, sealants, silver diamine fluoride, risk-based recall, and community programs, per ADA, WHO, and CDC guidance.
Preventive healthcare
Preventive healthcare: preventing disease or its consequences through primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, immunization, screening, USPSTF-style evidence review, ACA coverage, and limits like overdiagnosis.
Preventive medicine
Preventive medicine is the medical specialty focused on the health of individuals, communities, and defined populations, aiming to prevent disease through screening, immunizations, counseling, and preventive medications.
Preventive Orthodontics
Preventive orthodontics, also called space maintenance or interceptive orthodontics, prevents malocclusion in children after premature primary tooth loss. Key facts: space maintainers, very low evidence strength, individualized AAPD decision factors.
PREVIEW trial
PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) was a 3-year, 2x2 factorial multinational RCT (NCT01777893, 2013-2018, 2326 adults, eight centres) testing high- vs moderate-protein, low- vs moderate-GI diets and exercise intensity for preventing type 2 diabetes in prediabetic adults with overweight or obesity.
Priapism
Priapism is a persistent penile erection unrelated to sexual stimulation, lasting over four hours. Subtypes are ischemic (over 95% of cases, an emergency), non-ischemic, and stuttering; treated by aspiration plus phenylephrine, shunts, or embolization.
Pridopidine
Pridopidine (ACR16, TV-7820, Huntexil) is an oral sigma-1 receptor agonist and dopamine stabilizer developed by Teva and Prilenia for Huntington's disease; phase 3 PROOF-HD missed its primary endpoint and the EMA refused marketing authorization in 2025.
Prilocaine
Prilocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic used for infiltration, topical, epidural, and dental anesthesia, introduced clinically in 1960 and best known in the EMLA lidocaine combination.
Primal therapy
Primal therapy, also known as primal scream therapy, is a psychotherapy developed by American psychologist Arthur Janov, who introduced it in 1970 with his book The Primal Scream.
Primaquine
Primaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug, synthesized in 1945, that kills dormant liver-stage parasites to prevent relapses of vivax and ovale malaria, though it can cause hemolysis in people with G6PD deficiency.
Primary acquired pure red cell aplasia
Primary acquired pure red cell aplasia (primary acquired PRCA, primary idiopathic PRCA) is a rare autoimmune bone marrow failure causing isolated loss of red cell production; cyclosporine A outperforms corticosteroids, with relapse common after stopping maintenance.
Primary aldosteronism
Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome): autonomous adrenal aldosterone excess causing secondary hypertension, 5-10% of hypertensives, 20% of resistant cases; screened by aldosterone-to-renin ratio, treated with adrenalectomy or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.
Primary amenorrhoea
Primary amenorrhoea (primary amenorrhea) is the lifelong absence of menstruation, evaluated by age 15 or 3 years after breast development. Causes span ovarian, outflow tract, hypothalamic, and pituitary disorders; workup starts with pregnancy test and hormone panel.
Primary anal syphilis
Primary anal syphilis (ICD-11 1A61.1, anal syphilitic chancre) is early Treponema pallidum infection forming a chancre in the anal canal after anoreceptive contact; often atypical, misdiagnosed, treated with benzathine penicillin G.
Primary anetoderma
Primary anetoderma, also called primary macular atrophy, is a rare skin disorder in which loss of elastic tissue causes patches of slack, sagging skin with no identifiable cause.
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare inflammatory disease in which vasculitis is confined to the arteries of the brain and spinal cord.
Primary angle closure glaucoma
Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), also called primary angle-closure glaucoma, is glaucoma with iris-trabecular meshwork angle obstruction plus optic nerve damage; pupillary block drives most cases, treated by laser iridotomy or lens extraction, affecting about 17 million people, mostly in Asia.
Primary angle-closure
Primary angle-closure disease (PACD), also called primary angle closure glaucoma spectrum, is iris obstruction of the trabecular outflow pathway, staged as PACS, PAC, and PACG, mainly caused by pupillary block and treated with laser peripheral iridotomy or lens extraction.
Primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) is antiphospholipid syndrome occurring without another autoimmune disease, unlike secondary APS linked to SLE. It features thrombosis, pregnancy morbidity, and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies, classified by the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria.
Primary arthroplasty
Primary arthroplasty is the replacement of a joint with prosthetic components performed as a first operation in that joint, done chiefly to relieve pain and restore function in osteoarthritis.
Primary basilar invagination
Primary basilar invagination (primary basilar impression, Bull-Nixon syndrome) is a rare congenital upward translocation of the upper cervical spine and clivus into the foramen magnum, autosomal dominant, often with Chiari I malformation, diagnosed by Chamberlain, McGregor, and McRae line criteria and treated surgically.
Primary biliary cholangitis
Primary biliary cholangitis (formerly primary biliary cirrhosis) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease destroying small bile ducts, affecting middle-aged women, diagnosed by ALP elevation and AMA, treated first with ursodeoxycholic acid.
Primary biliary cholangitis/primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome
Primary biliary cholangitis/primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome is an uncommon liver disorder in which autoimmune hepatitis occurs alongside primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Primary bone lymphoma
Primary bone lymphoma is a rare lymphoma arising in bone with no disease elsewhere, usually diffuse large B-cell type, causing progressively worsening local bone pain.
Primary care
Primary care is essential first-contact, community-based health care, a subset of primary health care (PHC). Defined by Starfield's 4Cs, rooted in Alma-Ata 1978 and Astana 2018; linked to lower costs, fewer avoidable hospitalizations, and longer life expectancy.
Primary Care Nursing
Primary care nursing is the practice of nursing in first-contact settings like general practice and community health centers, centered on chronic disease management, health education, and health promotion.