25,729 articles
PsychonautWiki
PsychonautWiki (PW) is a volunteer-run, community-driven online encyclopedia of psychonautics founded May 11, 2013 as Encyclopedia Psychonautica, covering psychoactive substances, dosages, subjective effects, and harm reduction, distinct from Erowid's experience-report archive.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Psychoneuroendocrinology (PNE) is an interdisciplinary field linking psychology, endocrinology, immunology, neurology, and psychiatry, studying hormone-brain-behavior interactions; ISPNE founded 1975 with its journal Psychoneuroendocrinology.
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also called psycho-neuro-immunology, studies bidirectional interactions among behavior, nervous and endocrine function, and immunity; founded on Ader and Cohen's 1975 conditioned immunosuppression, spanning stress effects on infection to inflammation in depression.
Psychopathography of Adolf Hitler
Psychopathography of Adolf Hitler: retrospective psychiatric and psychoanalytic diagnoses of the dictator, from the 1940 Lancet debate and Langer's 1943 OSS profile to Redlich's 1999 medical review, the Pasewalk myth, and 2025 DNA claims.
Psychopathology
Psychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders, their symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment, historically organized by DSM and ICD classifications and increasingly studied through dimensional frameworks such as HiTOP and RDoC.
Psychopathy
Psychopathy: personality construct of shallow affect, lack of empathy or remorse, manipulativeness, and antisocial lifestyle; not a DSM/ICD diagnosis (ASPD is closest). Assessed mainly by Hare's PCL-R, a 20-item, 0-40 forensic rating scale with cut-off 30.
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology: the study of drugs acting on the brain that influence emotion, thinking, and behavior. Also called psychotropic drug science; began with chlorpromazine in 1950; covers antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and mood stabilizers.
Psychosexual disorder
Psychosexual disorder, also called psychosexual dysfunction, is a former DSM-III (1980) psychiatric category covering sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gender identity conditions; ICD-11 (2022) replaced it with the chapter Conditions Related to Sexual Health.
Psychosis
Psychosis is a loss of contact with reality marked by hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking; it occurs in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other conditions, affects 15–100 per 100,000 yearly, and is treated with antipsychotics and coordinated specialty care.
Psychosocial Functioning
Psychosocial functioning is how well a person performs everyday social, occupational, and personal roles, and it is a MeSH descriptor used as a treatment outcome in mental health research.
Psychosocial intervention
A psychosocial intervention, also called a psychological intervention, is a non-drug approach such as therapy or support groups that targets the psychological and social dimensions of illness.
Psychosomatic medicine
Psychosomatic medicine: field studying psychological, behavioral, and social factors in disease; also called consultation-liaison psychiatry; Heinroth coined the term in 1818; US subspecialty since 2003.
Psychosurgery
Psychosurgery: surgical destruction of non-diseased brain tissue to treat severe psychiatric illness; originated with Moniz's 1935 leucotomy, peaked with the lobotomy, Nobel Prize 1949, now rare capsulotomy, cingulotomy, and DBS.
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, treats mental disorders through structured dialogue and psychological methods. Key approaches include CBT, psychodynamic, humanistic, and integrative therapies; overall effect size SMD 0.34, comparable to medication.
Psychotherapy, Imagery
Psychotherapy, imagery (MeSH D019018, guided imagery): use of imagined mental images as psychotherapy, spanning guided affective imagery, imagery rescripting, and imagery rehearsal therapy, applied to PTSD, anxiety, depression, and nightmares.
Psychotic depression
Psychotic depression (delusional depression): major depression with delusions or hallucinations, often mood-congruent guilt, poverty, or nihilism. Treated with antidepressant plus antipsychotic or ECT; ECT is highly effective.
PTEN hamartoma of soft tissue
PTEN hamartoma of soft tissue (PHOST), also called PTEN-related hamartoma, is a rare benign intramuscular overgrowth of fat, fibrous tissue, and abnormal vessels in PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, often mistaken for arteriovenous malformation.
PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), also called Cowden syndrome spectrum, is an autosomal dominant PTEN-gene disorder causing hamartomas, macrocephaly, autism risk, and high lifetime breast, thyroid, endometrial, renal, and colorectal cancer risk.
Pterygium
Pterygium (surfer's eye) is a benign wing-shaped fibrovascular growth of conjunctiva onto the cornea, driven by UV exposure, affecting about 8% of people globally, treated by excision with conjunctival autograft.
Pterygium surgery
Pterygium surgery is an ophthalmic procedure that removes a pterygium and resurfaces the defect, usually with a conjunctival autograft, since bare excision alone recurs in up to 88% of eyes.
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Pterygopalatine ganglion, also called sphenopalatine or Meckel's ganglion, is the largest parasympathetic ganglion of the head, in the pterygopalatine fossa; facial nerve fibers synapse there to supply the lacrimal gland and nasal, palatal, and pharyngeal glands.
Pthiriasis
Pthiriasis (pediculosis pubis, pubic lice, "crabs") is ICD-11 1G03, infestation by the crab louse Pthirus pubis, spread mainly sexually; treated with permethrin 1% or pyrethrins, with STI screening advised.
PTN_POPS study
PTN_POPS (NCT01431326, NICHD-2011-POP01) is the Pediatric Trials Network's observational pharmacokinetic study of understudied drugs given per standard of care to children under 21, enrolling 3,520 participants from 2011 to 2019 across dozens of drugs and sites.
Ptosis (breasts)
Breast ptosis (breast sagging): descent of breast tissue and nipple-areola complex below the inframammary fold, graded I-III plus pseudoptosis by Regnault's 1976 classification; treated by mastopexy, with recurrence the main long-term issue.
Ptosis (eyelid)
Ptosis (blepharoptosis) is drooping of the upper eyelid margin, classified as aponeurotic, myogenic, neurogenic, or mechanical. Treated mainly by surgery; oxymetazoline 0.1% is the only FDA-approved drug for adults.
PTRG study
PTRG-DES consortium (PTRG study), a South Korean multicenter registry of 13,160 drug-eluting stent patients (2003-2018) linking platelet function tests and CYP2C19 genotype to long-term outcomes on clopidogrel.
PTSD Symptom Scale
The PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS) is a brief trauma measure, in interview and self-report versions, that yields a PTSD diagnosis and a severity score; Foa and colleagues published it in 1993.
PTSD-REA trial
PTSD-REA (NCT03991611) is a French stepped wedge cluster randomized trial led by Pierre Kalfon, Centre Hospitalier of Chartres, testing whether the IPREA3 discomfort-reduction program lowers PTSD symptoms (PCL-5) in ICU survivors at 1 year; 3,312 participants, 33 sites, including a COVID cohort.
PTX-II trial
PTX-II (NCT02451774) was a randomized double-blind phase 2 trial at the University of Guadalajara adding pentoxifylline to chemotherapy in 44 children with newly diagnosed ALL; it increased apoptosis and early MRD-negative remission but not overall survival.
Pubarche
Pubarche is the first appearance of pubic hair, an androgen-driven milestone of puberty driven by adrenal DHEA/DHEAS. Early onset (before 8 in girls, 9 in boys) is usually benign premature adrenarche; virilizing disorders cause 5–10%.