25,729 articles
Psoriasis Area and Severity Index
Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), introduced by Fredriksson and Pettersson in 1978, is a 0–72 composite score grading erythema, induration, scaling, and area in four weighted body regions; the standard psoriasis trial endpoint (PASI 75/90/100).
Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease occurring in 7–42% of people with psoriasis, typically 7–10 years after skin symptoms, marked by dactylitis, enthesitis, and nail changes, treated with NSAIDs, DMARDs, biologics, and JAK inhibitors.
Psoriatic onychodystrophy
Psoriatic onychodystrophy (nail psoriasis, psoriatic nail dystrophy): nail deformity from psoriasis of the nail matrix or bed, affecting up to 90% of psoriasis patients over a lifetime, marked by pitting, oil-drop sign, onycholysis, and crumbling.
Psoriatic spondyloarthritis
Psoriatic spondyloarthritis (axial psoriatic arthritis, ICD-11 FA21.0) is spine and sacroiliac inflammation in psoriatic arthritis, affecting roughly 25–70% of PsA patients; clinically similar to axial spondyloarthritis but with psoriasis, nail, and dactylitis features.
pSS study
pSS study: research on primary Sjögren's syndrome biomarkers, centered on the ASSESS cohort showing the interferon signature is driven by IFNα, plus MxA, BAFF, CXCL13, and lymphoma risk markers.
Psychedelic experience
Psychedelic experience: an altered state of consciousness from psychedelics (psilocybin, LSD, MDMA), defined by hallucinations and ego dissolution, shaped by set and setting, and used in psychedelic-assisted therapy with integration sessions.
Psychedelic therapy
Psychedelic therapy, or psychedelic-assisted therapy, uses psilocybin, MDMA, LSD, or ayahuasca with psychological support to treat depression, PTSD, and substance use disorders; investigational, FDA-guided, not yet approved.
Psychiatric assessment
Psychiatric assessment: comprehensive clinical evaluation for mental disorder diagnosis, built on the psychiatric interview, history taking, and mental state examination; structured interviews such as the SCID outperform unstructured ones, organized against DSM-5-TR and ICD criteria.
Psychiatric genetics
Psychiatric genetics is the field of research studying the role of genes in mental illness, with twin studies showing heritability from 37% for depression to 85% for schizophrenia.
Psychiatric hospital
Psychiatric hospital: inpatient facility for treating mental disorders, historically the asylum (first U.S. example 1752, over 500,000 patients by the 1950s), transformed by deinstitutionalization after chlorpromazine and the 1963 Community Mental Health Centers Act.
Psychiatric interview
The psychiatric interview is a clinical method in which a psychiatrist systematically questions and observes a patient to assess mental symptoms, establish diagnoses, and guide treatment planning.
Psychiatric Nursing
Psychiatric nursing (psychiatric-mental health nursing), specialty nursing field caring for people with mental illness in hospitals, community, and primary care; history from 1882 McLean Asylum training school, therapeutic relationship focus, and trial evidence on nurse-delivered interventions.
Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Psychiatric rehabilitation (psychosocial rehabilitation, PSR) helps people with severe mental illness live independently in the community. Emerged in the 1970s from deinstitutionalization; key models include ACT, IPS supported employment, and supportive housing.
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor specializing in mental health, including substance use disorders, trained through medical school and residency to prescribe medications, provide psychotherapy, and perform medical treatments.
Psychiatry
Psychiatry, the medical specialty for mental, behavioral, and personality disorders; also called psychological medicine. Physicians trained ~12 years; DSM-based diagnosis since 1952; treatments include psychotherapy, medication, and community-based care.
Psychiatry research
Psychiatry Research is an Elsevier peer-reviewed journal founded in 1979 (ISSN 0165-1781), covering biological, psychological, and treatment research in psychiatry; distinct from the 2016-independent spin-off Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.
Psycho-oncology
Psycho-oncology, or psychosocial oncology, is the oncology subspecialty addressing psychological, social, and ethical aspects of cancer for patients and families, spanning distress screening, psychotherapy, and multidisciplinary supportive care.
Psychoactive drug
Psychoactive drug: any substance affecting mental processes such as perception, mood, or cognition, including opioids, stimulants, hallucinogens, alcohol, and nicotine; controlled internationally via the 1961, 1971, and 1988 UN conventions and WHO ECDD scheduling reviews.
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis: Freud-derived talk therapy and personality theory using free association, the couch, and transference interpretation; 3–5 weekly sessions over years; effect sizes 1.27 pre/post; distinct from briefer psychodynamic therapy and CBT.
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy, often used interchangeably with psychodynamic psychotherapy, is a talk-based treatment working with unconscious conflicts, defenses, and transference; it is less intensive than classical psychoanalysis.
Psychoanalytic review
The Psychoanalytic Review, founded 1913 by White and Jelliffe, is the first English-language psychoanalytic journal, official journal of NPAP since 1958, published quarterly by Guilford, editor Paul Marcus.
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Psychodynamic psychotherapy: talking treatments derived from Freud's psychoanalysis exploring unconscious processes, early experience, and the therapy relationship; manualized short-term forms show equivalence to CBT in trials.
Psychogenic movement disorders
Psychogenic movement disorders, now called functional movement disorders (FMD), are involuntary-appearing tremor, jerks, dystonia, or gait problems caused by reversible brain network dysfunction, not structural damage; diagnosed by positive signs like distractibility and entrainment, treated with physiotherapy and CBT.
Psychogenic pruritus
Psychogenic pruritus, or functional itch disorder, is chronic itch without dermatologic or systemic cause, driven by psychological factors; FPDG criteria, ICD-11 EC90.4, treated with psychotherapy and neuroactive drugs.
Psychological first aid
Psychological first aid (PFA) is supportive, non-intrusive assistance providing safety, calming, and practical help to people in the hours to weeks after disasters and emergencies.
Psychological research
Psychological Research is a peer-reviewed journal published by Springer, covering human perception, attention, memory, and action. Founded in 1922 as Psychologische Forschung, it became an English-language international journal in 1974.
Psychological trauma
Psychological trauma, also called emotional trauma, is a distressing experience that overwhelms a person's capacity to cope and can lead to PTSD, depression, or substance abuse.
Psychological Well-Being
Psychological well-being (PWB) is a construct describing positive psychological functioning, studied through hedonic pleasure and eudaimonic meaning, with Ryff's six dimensions its most widely used model and better health its key correlate.
Psychomotor agitation
Psychomotor agitation: restlessness with increased motor activity in psychiatric, neurological, and drug-related conditions; ICD-11 and MeSH definitions, causes, scales, and emergency management.
Psychomotor retardation
Psychomotor retardation: generalized slowing of movement and speech in depression, Parkinson's disease, catatonia and related disorders; linked to striatal dopamine, measured by actigraphy, CORE and reaction-time tasks.