25,729 articles
Proxibarbal
Proxibarbal (Ipronal, Centralgol, Axeen) is a racemic 5-allyl-5-(2-hydroxypropyl) barbiturate, ATC N05CA22, once used for migraine and anxiety and withdrawn in France in 1998 for immunoallergic thrombocytopenia.
Proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome
Proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome (16p11.2 deletion syndrome, AUTS14A) is a ~593-kb deletion at chromosome 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 causing developmental and language delay, autism features, and obesity, prevalence about 1/5,000, usually de novo.
Proximal 16p11.2 microduplication syndrome
Proximal 16p11.2 microduplication syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy of a segment of chromosome 16, causing developmental delay, autism, and other features.
Proximal Gastric Vagotomy
Proximal gastric vagotomy (highly selective, parietal cell vagotomy): ulcer operation dividing vagal branches to the acid-secreting proximal stomach while sparing antral nerves, avoiding drainage; lower side effects but higher recurrence than truncal vagotomy.
Proximal renal tubular acidosis
Proximal renal tubular acidosis (type 2 RTA, pRTA): rare kidney tubular disease with impaired proximal bicarbonate reabsorption, lowered renal threshold (about 14-18 mEq/L), hyperchloremic normal-anion-gap acidosis, urine pH under 5.5, SLC4A4 or Fanconi syndrome causes, alkali therapy.
Proximal symphalangism
Proximal symphalangism (Cushing symphalangism, SYM1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder fusing finger joints, carpal and tarsal bones, with conductive hearing loss, caused by NOG or GDF5 mutations.
Proximity extension assay
The proximity extension assay (PEA) is a homogeneous immunoassay, introduced in 2011, in which pairs of DNA-linked antibodies quantify thousands of proteins from microliter plasma samples by PCR or sequencing.
Prozac Nation
Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America, Elizabeth Wurtzel's 1994 Houghton Mifflin memoir of depression and Prozac treatment, a Gen X best seller that helped launch the 1990s memoir boom.
Prozac Nation (film)
Prozac Nation is a 2001 American-German drama directed by Erik Skjoldbjærg, starring Christina Ricci as Elizabeth Wurtzel, with Jessica Lange as her mother, adapted from Wurtzel's memoir.
PRP trial
PRP trial (NCT05737173) is a completed phase 2 randomized trial at Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital, Thailand, comparing leukocyte-rich PRP, leukocyte-poor PRP, and corticosteroid injections for knee osteoarthritis, with WOMAC at 6 months as the primary outcome.
Prucalopride
Prucalopride (Resolor, Motegrity) is a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist taken once daily for chronic constipation when laxatives fail; EU approval 2009, US 2018, NICE-recommended for women after two laxative classes fail.
PRUE trial
PRUE (NCT01653171), a Chilean randomized double-blind trial by Monrroy et al, tested simethicone with or without N-acetylcysteine before upper GI endoscopy; simethicone plus NAC improved gastric visibility (65-67% vs 41-44%), simethicone alone did not.
Prulifloxacin
Prulifloxacin (NM441, brands Sword, Unidrox) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic prodrug of ulifloxacin, approved in Japan (2002) and Europe, used for urinary and respiratory tract infections, dosed 600 mg once daily.
Prune belly syndrome
Prune belly syndrome (Eagle-Barrett syndrome, triad syndrome): rare congenital disorder of deficient abdominal muscles, urinary tract dilation, and bilateral cryptorchidism, affecting about 95% males, with 10-25% perinatal mortality.
Prurigo nodularis
Prurigo nodularis (PN), also called chronic nodular prurigo, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with intensely itchy firm nodules driven by an itch-scratch cycle; treated with topicals, phototherapy, methotrexate, and the biologics dupilumab and nemolizumab.
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP, polymorphic eruption of pregnancy) is the most common dermatosis of pregnancy: an intensely itchy hive-like rash starting in third-trimester stretch marks, sparing the umbilicus, resolving after delivery with no fetal risk.
Pruritus of pregnancy
Pruritus of pregnancy (pruritus gravidarum), ICD-11 JA65.11: itching in 23–38% of pregnancies, from benign skin stretching to pregnancy-specific dermatoses such as ICP, PEP, and pemphigoid gestationis.
Pruritus of unknown cause
Pruritus of unknown cause (chronic pruritus of unknown origin, CPUO) is itch lasting over 6 weeks with no identifiable cause after exclusion workup; prevalence 7–45.9%, highest in older adults, with no FDA-approved therapy.
Prussian Blue Reaction
The Prussian blue reaction, also known as Perls' stain or the iron stain, is a histochemical technique that detects ferric iron in tissues, described by Max Perls in 1867.
Pruxelutamide
Pruxelutamide (proxalutamide, GT0918), a second-generation androgen receptor antagonist from Suzhou Kintor, developed for prostate cancer and trialed for breast cancer and COVID-19.
PSA testing
PSA testing, also known as the PSA test, is a blood test measuring prostate-specific antigen to screen men for prostate cancer, though it carries risks of false positives and overdiagnosis.
PsAPASH syndrome
PsAPASH syndrome (ORPHA:641390), a rare autoinflammatory disorder combining psoriatic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and hidradenitis suppurativa; first described 2015, adult onset, prevalence under 1 per million, no linked mutations, treated with TNF-alpha and IL-17 inhibitors.
PSCA (gene)
PSCA (prostate stem cell antigen) gene, chromosome 8q24.2, encodes a 123-aa GPI-anchored Thy-1/Ly-6 cell surface protein overexpressed in prostate, bladder, and pancreatic cancers; rs2294008 links it to gastric and bladder cancer risk.
PSCAT study
PSCAT (Prediction Study of Complications After Severe Trauma), NCT01713205, is a Chinese multicenter observational study led by Jiang Jianxin, Daping Hospital, enrolling about 3,500 severe trauma patients from 2012 to predict sepsis and MODS complications using biomarkers.
Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling
Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) is an MRI technique that labels arterial blood water with radiofrequency pulses to map brain blood flow without contrast agents, recommended for clinical use.
Pseudo-Cushing syndrome
Pseudo-Cushing syndrome, also called non-neoplastic hypercortisolism, is tumor-free HPA-axis-driven hypercortisolism from obesity, depression, alcoholism, PCOS, diabetes, or stress, mimicking true Cushing syndrome and reversing when the underlying condition is treated.
Pseudo-Meigs syndrome
Pseudo-Meigs syndrome is a rare condition in which a pelvic or abdominal tumor other than an ovarian fibroma causes ascites and pleural effusion that resolve after tumor resection.
Pseudo-TORCH syndrome type 1
Pseudo-TORCH syndrome type 1 (PTORCH1, BLC-PMG, Baraitser-Reardon syndrome) is an autosomal recessive OCLN-related disorder mimicking congenital TORCH infection, with microcephaly, band-like intracranial calcification, polymicrogyria, and intractable seizures.
Pseudo-von Willebrand disease
Pseudo-von Willebrand disease, also called platelet-type von Willebrand disease (PT-VWD), is a rare autosomal dominant bleeding disorder caused by GP1BA gain-of-function mutations that make platelets bind and lose von Willebrand factor, mimicking type 2B VWD but requiring platelet transfusions.
Pseudoaminopterin syndrome
Pseudoaminopterin syndrome, also called aminopterin syndrome sine aminopterin (ASSA, OMIM 600325), is an extremely rare genetic malformation syndrome mimicking aminopterin embryopathy without drug exposure, with skull, facial, and limb anomalies, intellectual deficit, and short stature; about 11 cases reported.