25,729 articles
PROST-ART study
PROST-ART is a retrospective, single-center observational study at IRCCS San Raffaele in Milan evaluating advanced radiotherapy, including IGRT, IMRT, and SBRT, for early-stage, advanced, metastatic, and relapsed prostate cancer.
Prostacyclin
Prostacyclin (PGI2, prostaglandin I2) is an endothelial eicosanoid discovered in 1976 in Vane's lab; a potent vasodilator and antiplatelet agent acting via the IP receptor, with a minutes-long half-life, and the basis of PAH drugs epoprostenol, treprostinil, iloprost, and selexipag.
Prostaglandin E1
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, alprostadil; Caverject, MUSE) is a naturally occurring vasodilator lipid and synthetic drug that raises cAMP in smooth muscle; used mainly as second-line injectable, intraurethral, or topical therapy for erectile dysfunction.
Prostate
Prostate: chestnut-sized male reproductive gland (~30 g) below the bladder, wrapping the urethra; secretes alkaline fluid making ~25% of semen. Zones (peripheral, central, transitional) explain BPH and cancer origins; PSA screening and MRI guide diagnosis.
Prostate biopsy
A prostate biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that removes small prostate tissue samples with a needle, usually guided by ultrasound or MRI, to diagnose prostate cancer.
Prostate brachytherapy
Prostate brachytherapy: internal radiation therapy placing radioactive seeds (LDR, Iodine-125) or temporary Iridium-192 sources (HDR) in the prostate; used alone for low-risk disease or as an EBRT boost, improving biochemical control with added urinary toxicity.
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer, malignancy of the prostate gland; most common cancer in US men, second in cancer deaths; diagnosed by PSA, DRE, biopsy, Gleason score; ProtecT trial shows ~97% survival across monitoring, surgery, radiotherapy.
Prostate cancer in dogs
Prostate cancer in dogs is an uncommon, aggressive cancer of the canine prostate gland, most often prostatic adenocarcinoma in older males, usually metastatic at diagnosis with a poor prognosis.
Prostate cancer screening
Prostate cancer screening, mainly the PSA blood test with or without digital rectal exam, detects cancer in symptom-free men; USPSTF gives an individual-decision C grade for ages 55–69, citing small mortality benefit against false positives, overdiagnosis, and treatment harms.
Prostate cancer survivorship and quality of life
Prostate cancer survivorship and quality of life covers long-term prognosis, urinary and sexual outcomes after surgery or radiotherapy, PSA follow-up schedules, and rehabilitation for over 3.5 million US survivors.
Prostate cancer susceptibility loci
Prostate cancer susceptibility loci are inherited genetic variants that raise prostate cancer risk; 451 are cataloged, led by the 8q24 region and the rare HOXB13 G84E variant.
Prostate Health Index
The Prostate Health Index (phi) is a blood test combining three PSA forms into one score, used to estimate prostate cancer risk and reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Prostate massage
Prostate massage (prostatic massage) is pressure on the prostate via the rectum; historically a prostatitis treatment abandoned by urology, now mainly diagnostic (Meares-Stamey test) and for sperm retrieval in anejaculation; contraindicated in acute bacterial prostatitis.
Prostate specific antigen positive
Prostate specific antigen positive (ICD-11 MA14.1B) is the clinical finding of elevated blood PSA, a prostate-made protein raised by prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, or recent procedures; it triggers repeat testing, MRI, and biopsy, not a cancer diagnosis.
Prostate-specific antigen
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA, KLK3), a prostate protein measured in blood; elevated in cancer, BPH, and prostatitis. Used for monitoring and screening; trials show small mortality benefit with overdiagnosis in 20-50%.
Prostatectomy
Prostatectomy, especially radical prostatectomy, is surgery removing part or all of the prostate with seminal vesicles for localized prostate cancer, done open, laparoscopic, or robot-assisted; comparable 15-year cancer survival to radiotherapy and monitoring.
Prostatic artery embolization
Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is an interventional radiology procedure that blocks arteries supplying the prostate, shrinking the gland to relieve urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Prostatocystitis
Prostatocystitis is inflammation of the bladder, bladder neck, prostate, and prostatic urethra; ICD-11 code GA91.2, ICD-10-CM N41.3, ICD-9-CM 601.3, SNOMED CT 67685000.
Prosthesis
A prosthesis is an artificial substitute that replaces a missing body part or improves how one works; examples include limbs, eyes, joints, false teeth, and jaw replacements.
Prosthesis Coloring
Prosthesis Coloring (MeSH D017797) is the coloring, shading, or tinting of prosthetic components and materials, chiefly in dental and maxillofacial prosthetics, covering shade matching, intrinsic and extrinsic pigmentation, metamerism, and color stability.
Prosthesis Design
Prosthesis design is the engineering and clinical discipline of creating artificial replacements for missing body parts, including limb, facial, and dental prostheses and implanted joint replacements.
Prosthesis Implantation
Prosthesis implantation is the surgical insertion of a prosthesis (MeSH D019919), covering joint, dental, breast, cochlear, heart valve, and osseointegrated limb implants, with risks of infection, failure, and material reactions.
Prosthesis Retention
Prosthesis retention: resistance of dentures, limb prostheses, and maxillofacial prostheses to dislodgment, achieved via adhesion, suction, elevated vacuum, locks, adhesives, or osseointegrated implants.
Prosthesis study
A prosthesis study in elbow orthopedics examines the radial head prosthesis, an implant replacing the radial head after fractures too comminuted to reconstruct, first used in 1941.
Prosthetic joint infection
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI), or periprosthetic joint infection, is biofilm-based infection of a joint replacement prosthesis, affecting 0.5–2.2% of arthroplasties, treated by DAIR or one- and two-stage exchange arthroplasty.
Prosthetic valve complications
Prosthetic valve complications are the disease states that arise after a heart valve is replaced with a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve, including deterioration, thrombosis, and endocarditis.
Prosthodontic Tooth Preparation
Prosthodontic tooth preparation is the instrumented reduction of a natural tooth to receive a crown or prosthesis retainer, governed by retention, resistance, biologic, and esthetic principles, taper of roughly 10 to 20 degrees, and finish line design.
Prosthodontics
Prosthodontics, also called dental prosthetics, is the ADA-recognized dental specialty of restoring missing or deficient teeth and oral/maxillofacial tissues with fixed, removable, implant, and maxillofacial prostheses after three-year specialist training.
Prostitution in Africa
Prostitution (sex work) in Africa: exchange of sexual services for reward, from precolonial forms through colonial regulation to today's HIV key-population policies; sex workers' HIV risk nine times higher globally, sub-Saharan new infections down 50% 2010–2022.
Protamine sulfate
Protamine sulfate, a basic polypeptide from salmon sperm (now recombinant), is the only approved agent reversing unfractionated heparin, dosed 1-1.5 mg per 100 units heparin, mainly after cardiopulmonary bypass.