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Radioimmunotherapy
Radioimmunotherapy is a cancer treatment in which a monoclonal antibody linked to a radioactive isotope is given intravenously, carrying radiation to tumor cells; FDA-approved agents treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Radioiodine therapy
Radioiodine therapy is a nuclear medicine treatment using orally taken radioactive iodine-131 to destroy thyroid tissue, treating hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer such as papillary and follicular types.
Radioisotope Diagnostic Techniques
Radioisotope diagnostic techniques, the basis of nuclear medicine, use radiotracers imaged by SPECT and PET to show organ function; Tc-99m, F-18 FDG, and I-123 are the workhorse isotopes.
Radioisotope Dilution Technique
Radioisotope dilution technique: MeSH-defined method of injecting a known radionuclide quantity into a system and monitoring downstream concentration over time; used for blood volume (51Cr, 131I), cardiac output, and industrial flow measurement.
Radioisotope Teletherapy
Radioisotope teletherapy, also called teleradioisotope therapy, is external beam radiotherapy using gamma rays from a sealed radioisotope source, chiefly cobalt-60 units introduced in Canada in 1951 after radium teletherapy, now largely replaced by linacs in high-income countries.
Radioligand Assay
A radioligand assay is an analytical technique that quantitatively determines receptors or binding proteins in body fluids or tissue using a radioactively labeled binding reagent, including the radioimmunoassay.
Radiologic technology
Radiologic technology: allied health profession of radiologic technologists (radiographers) performing X-ray, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine, and ultrasound imaging and radiation therapy; rooted in Roentgen's 1895 X-ray discovery, credentialed by ARRT, organized by ASRT.
Radiological Society of North America
Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), founded 1915 as the Western Roentgen Society, is a non-profit radiology society in over 160 countries, publisher of Radiology and five other journals and host of the annual Chicago meeting.
Radiologists
Radiologists: physicians who diagnose and treat disease using medical imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI, PET, ultrasound). Diagnostic and interventional branches; 13+ years training; major workforce shortages in the US and UK.
Radiology
Radiology: medical specialty using imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, nuclear medicine) to diagnose disease and guide treatment; includes diagnostic and interventional branches, distinct from radiography, a single X-ray imaging modality.
Radiomics
Radiomics is a method in medical imaging, defined in 2012, that extracts hundreds of quantitative features from radiographic images to build statistical models for diagnosis and prognosis.
Radionuclide Generators
A radionuclide generator, colloquially a "radioisotope cow," is a device holding a long-lived parent isotope whose short-lived daughter is repeatedly "milked" off for nuclear medicine imaging.
Radionuclide ventriculography
Radionuclide ventriculography (RNV, MUGA, gated blood pool scan, ERNA) is a nuclear medicine test measuring ventricular ejection fraction with Tc-99m labeled red cells and ECG-gated gamma camera imaging, by first-pass or equilibrium methods; once the main nuclear cardiology technique, now used when echo or MRI are unsuitable.
Radiopharmaceutical therapy
Radiopharmaceutical therapy, also called radioligand therapy or targeted radionuclide therapy, is a cancer treatment in which an injected radioactive drug delivers radiation selectively to tumor cells, guided by imaging.
Radiostereometric analysis
Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is a radiographic technique measuring three-dimensional micromotion of joint implants and bone segments in living patients, using paired simultaneous X-ray exposures and implanted tantalum markers.
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells while sparing healthy tissue, given to about half of all cancer patients.
Radiotherapy Dosage
Radiotherapy dosage: specification and delivery of absorbed radiation dose in gray, divided into fractions (standard 1.8-2 Gy daily); governed by fractionation principles from Regaud and Coutard, ICRU-83/91 dose-volume reporting, and dose-escalation trials.
Radiotherapy Setup Errors
Radiotherapy setup errors are misalignments between the patient's treatment position and the planning image position. Also called positioning or geometric miss errors; detected by portal imaging, CBCT, or surface-guided radiotherapy; minimized with daily IGRT.
Radium jaw
Radium jaw: occupational osteonecrosis of the jaw named by dentist Theodor Blum in 1923-1924 among radium dial painters (the Radium Girls) who ingested radium by lip-pointing brushes; radium deposited in bone like calcium, destroying the jaw.
Radius (bone)
Radius: the lateral, thumb-side long bone of the forearm, articulating with humerus, ulna, and carpal bones; about 25 cm in adults; enables pronation and supination; distal radius fractures are common.
Radotinib
Radotinib (Supect, IY5511HCl) is a second-generation Bcr-Abl and PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor for Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia, approved only in South Korea (2012 salvage, 2015 first-line) and not reviewed by FDA or EMA.
RAFT trial (NCT00251251)
RAFT (NCT00251251), Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial, a 1,798-patient randomized trial of CRT-D versus ICD in NYHA II-III heart failure, reduced death or HF hospitalization (HR 0.75) with benefit sustained 14 years.
Rafutrombopag
Rafutrombopag, the INN for hetrombopag (SHR8735), is Jiangsu Hengrui's oral nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist approved in China for ITP and severe aplastic anemia, with US orphan designation for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
Ragaglitazar
Ragaglitazar, (−) DRF 2725, NNC 61-0029, a dual PPARα/γ agonist for type 2 diabetes from Dr. Reddy's and Novo Nordisk; effective on glucose and lipids but discontinued in 2003 over rat urothelial tumors.
RAGOCO trial
RAGOCO (NCT04424628), Radiotherapy 3 vs 6 Gy in Gonarthrosis and Coxarthrosis: Spanish noninferiority randomized trial by Fundacion GenesisCare comparing 3 Gy vs 6 Gy low-dose radiotherapy in 338 knee or hip osteoarthritis patients; interim ESTRO 2023 data show 3 Gy noninferior.
RAISE ETP trial
RAISE-ETP, the NIMH Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode Early Treatment Program, was a 34-site cluster-randomized trial (404 participants) showing NAVIGATE coordinated specialty care improved quality of life, symptoms, and cost-effectiveness in first-episode psychosis versus usual community care.
Raised antibody titre
Raised antibody titre (抗体滴度增高), ICD-11 MA14.1C, is a lab finding of antibody concentration above the reference range, caused by infection, vaccination, autoimmune disease, or malignancy.
Rajahpravartini Vati
Rajahpravartini Vati (Rajah Pravartini Vati) is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral pill of aloe extract, purified green vitriol, asafoetida, and borax, used for dysmenorrhoea, obstructed menstruation, and amenorrhea.
Rajamrganka Rasa
Rajamrganka Rasa (Raja Mriganka Rasa), a classical Ayurvedic rasa shastra herbo-mineral formula of mercury, gold, silver, and arsenic sulfides, used for phthisis, tuberculosis, and chronic bronchitis, with regulated toxic-metal safety concerns.
Rajanyadi Cirna
Rajanyadi Cirma (Rajanyādi cūrṇa, रजन्यादि चूर्णं), an eight-herb Ayurvedic powder from the Astangahrdaya and Ayurvedic Formulary of India entry 7:29, dosed 1/2-2 g with ghee and honey for pediatric and digestive disorders; curcumin 0.335% w/w.