25,729 articles
Ritanserin
Ritanserin (development code R-55667, trade name Tiserton) is a potent, long-acting serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica, trialed for schizophrenia, depression, and sleep disorders but never marketed, now studied as a DGKα inhibitor.
Ritlecitinib
Ritlecitinib (Litfulo), Pfizer's oral irreversible JAK3/TEC kinase inhibitor, approved 2023 for severe alopecia areata in adults and adolescents 12+, 50 mg daily; also studied in vitiligo and IBD.
Ritobegron
Ritobegron (KUC-7483), also known as its prodrug ritobegron ethyl, is a selective beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist developed by Kissei Pharmaceutical for overactive bladder; development was discontinued after a failed Phase III trial.
Ritonavir
Ritonavir (ABT-538), an Abbott HIV protease inhibitor approved by the FDA in 1996 (Ki 0.015 nM), now used mainly at 100 mg doses as a CYP3A4/P-gp pharmacokinetic booster for HIV drugs and as the booster in Paxlovid.
Rituximab
Rituximab, sold under names Rituxan and MabThera, is a chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody used to treat B-cell cancers and various autoimmune conditions. It received FDA approval in 1997.
Rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulant, first approved in 2008, used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, VTE treatment, and CAD/PAD with aspirin; generics arrived in 2025.
Rivastigmine
Rivastigmine (Exelon) is a carbamate cholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease dementia, given orally or as a 4.6-13.3 mg/24 h patch; dual AChE/BuChE inhibition, GI side effects predominate.
Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire
The Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) is a 16-item self-report questionnaire rating the severity of post-concussion symptoms such as headache and dizziness after head injury, introduced in 1995.
Riverview Hospital (Coquitlam)
Riverview Hospital, also known as Essondale, was British Columbia's psychiatric hospital in Coquitlam from 1913 to 2012, peaking above 4,700 patients before deinstitutionalization; its lands are now səmiq̓wəʔelə.
Riviciclib
Riviciclib (P276-00) is a flavone-derived, ATP-competitive CDK1/4/9 inhibitor developed by Nicholas Piramal/Piramal Enterprises. It reached phase II trials in mantle cell lymphoma, melanoma, and head and neck cancer before development was discontinued.
Rivipansel
Rivipansel (GMI-1070), a small-molecule pan-selectin antagonist developed by GlycoMimetics and Pfizer for sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis; safe but failed the phase 3 RESET trial primary endpoint.
Rivoceranib
Rivoceranib (apatinib, YN968D1) is an oral VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in China for gastric cancer and, with camrelizumab, first-line liver cancer; not FDA approved, pending review.
Rivoglitazone
Rivoglitazone (CS-011), a potent PPARγ-agonist thiazolidinedione developed by Daiichi Sankyo for type 2 diabetes; reached phase III with HbA1c reductions superior to pioglitazone but was discontinued in 2009 and never marketed.
Rizatriptan
Rizatriptan, marketed as Maxalt and Maxalt-MLT, is a triptan drug acting on serotonin 5-HT1B/1D receptors, FDA approved in 1998 to treat migraine attacks with or without aura.
rKA-KA-TKA trial
rKA-TKA (restricted kinematic alignment total knee arthroplasty), introduced by Vendittoli in 2011, restores native knee alignment within safe zones of HKA ±3° and ±5° component angles; randomized trials versus mechanical alignment show better KSS and WOMAC but similar OKS, KOOS, and FJS.
RNU4-2-related autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder
RNU4-2-related autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder, also called ReNU syndrome, is a genetic disorder marked by developmental delay, poor or absent speech, intellectual disability, hypotonia, microcephaly, and seizures, identified in 2024.
ROAR 3 trial
ROAR 3 (NCT07476430), Readiness Outcomes Affecting Return to Sport 3.0, is a Boston Children's Hospital randomized trial of mental skills training in 130 athletes aged 8-25 after ACL reconstruction, with ACSI-28 coping skills as the primary outcome.
ROAR-MS trial
ROAR-MS (NCT05983809) is a randomized crossover pilot trial at Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS testing Hunova robotic balance rehabilitation, 4 weeks, 3 sessions weekly, in 24 MS patients aged 18-65 with EDSS 2-3, primary outcome Berg Balance Scale, completion May 2026.
Robert A. Fishman
Robert A. Fishman (1924–2012) was an American neurologist who chaired the UCSF Department of Neurology for 26 years and wrote the standard clinical reference on cerebrospinal fluid.
Robert Avery Montgomery
Robert Avery Montgomery is an American transplant surgeon, Chair of Surgery and Transplant Institute director at NYU Langone, known for kidney paired donation and gene-edited pig organ transplants.
Robert B. Copeland
Robert B. Copeland was an American cardiologist in LaGrange, Georgia, who founded the Georgia Heart Clinic in 1972 and helped change national heart attack treatment through the C-PORT trials.
Robert B. Jaffe
Robert B. Jaffe (died 2020) was an American reproductive endocrinologist who chaired Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences at UCSF for 22 years and founded the Reproductive Scientist Development Program.
Robert B. Salter
Robert Bruce Salter (1924–2010) was a Canadian pediatric orthopedic surgeon at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children known for the Salter–Harris fracture classification and the innominate osteotomy.
Robert C. Cohen
Robert C. Cohen is a medical-device engineer and Stryker executive known for porous tantalum implants and the Mako surgical robot, elected to the NAE in 2025.
Robert C. Hawkins
Robert C. Hawkins, full name Robert Cleo Hawkins, was an American gas-turbine engineer at General Electric elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1985.
Robert D. Kiss
Robert D. Kiss is an American chemical engineer elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2019, who led cell culture development at Genentech for 24 years.
Robert D. Sparks
Robert Dean Sparks (1932–2014) was an American physician and gastroenterologist who served as a Tulane medical school dean, UNMC chancellor, and president of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.
Robert Darwin
Robert Waring Darwin (1766–1848), Shrewsbury physician, Edinburgh medical alumnus, father of Charles Darwin; wealthy diagnostician, Wedgwood marriage, funded the Beagle voyage.
Robert E. Cooke
Robert E. Cooke, or Robert Edmond Cooke (1920–2014), was an American pediatrician who chaired pediatrics at Johns Hopkins for 17 years and helped create the NICHD and Project Head Start.
Robert E. Patricelli
Robert E. Patricelli is an American health care executive and former federal official who founded Value Health, sold to Columbia HCA in 1997 for $1.4 billion.