25,729 articles
Root canal treatment
Root canal treatment (endodontic therapy) removes infected tooth pulp, cleans and seals the canal with gutta-percha; success 85–93%, survival above 95%, comparable to dental implants at lower cost.
Root fracture
Root fracture (ICD-11 NA0D.06), a dental injury involving dentin, cementum, and pulp; treated by repositioning and flexible splinting, with survival depending on fracture location and healing type; distinct from vertical root fractures.
Root planing
Root planing, known with scaling as scaling and root planing (SRP), is a dental procedure that removes plaque and calculus from tooth roots below the gumline to treat periodontitis.
Root resection
Root resection is a dental procedure that removes one root of a multi-rooted tooth while leaving the crown intact, to save a molar with healthy remaining roots.
Ropanicant
Ropanicant (SUVN-911), an oral alpha4 beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist from Suven Life Sciences, is an investigational antidepressant for major depressive disorder with positive Phase 2b topline results in June 2026 and a Phase 3 study planned for 2027.
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b
Ropeginterferon alfa-2b, sold as Besremi, is a long-acting monopegylated interferon used to treat polycythemia vera, authorized in Europe in 2019 and approved by the FDA in 2021.
Ropinirole
Ropinirole (Requip) is a non-ergoline dopamine D2/D3 agonist approved in 1997 for Parkinson's disease and moderate-to-severe primary restless legs syndrome, with a 6-hour half-life, CYP1A2 metabolism, and warnings for somnolence, impulse control disorders, and RLS augmentation.
Rosacea
Rosacea: chronic inflammatory skin condition of the central face causing flushing, persistent redness, acne-like bumps, visible vessels, and eye symptoms; affects adults 30–60, no cure, treated with topicals, doxycycline, lasers.
ROSAH syndrome
ROSAH syndrome (ALPK1-related autoinflammatory disease): rare autosomal dominant disorder from gain-of-function ALPK1 variants (T237M, Y254C, Ser277Phe), causing retinal dystrophy, optic nerve edema, splenomegaly, anhidrosis, headache, and NF-κB-driven inflammation.
Rosaï-Dorfman disease
Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease (RDD), also called sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis causing massive cervical lymphadenopathy, S100+/CD68+/CD1a− histiocytes with emperipolesis, and MAPK mutations in some cases.
ROSCAPLI study
ROSCAPLI (NCT05262881) is an Italian retrospective observational cohort study of 38 aTTP patients treated with caplacizumab plus plasma exchange and immunosuppression (2019-2021), reporting median 2.0-day platelet recovery, no deaths, and no serious adverse events.
Roscovitine
Roscovitine, also known as seliciclib or CYC202, is an experimental CDK-inhibiting drug candidate developed by Cyclacel and studied in phase 2 trials against cancers and Cushing disease.
Rosenhan experiment
The Rosenhan experiment, or Thud experiment, was a 1973 Stanford study in which eight healthy pseudopatients were admitted to psychiatric hospitals and diagnosed as ill.
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) is a rare WHO grade 1 mixed neuronal-glial brain tumor of the fourth ventricle or cerebellum in young adults, defined by neurocytic rosettes, a pilocytic astrocytoma-like glial component, and FGFR1 hotspot mutations.
Rosiptor
Rosiptor (AQX-1125) is an investigational oral drug that activates the enzyme SHIP1, developed by Aquinox Pharmaceuticals and discontinued after phase 2 and 3 trials failed.
Rosmantuzumab
Rosmantuzumab (OMP-131R10) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody against R-spondin 3 (RSPO3) developed by OncoMed Pharmaceuticals for solid tumors; its Phase 1a/b trial NCT02482441 was well tolerated but showed no compelling clinical benefit and the program was discontinued.
Ross procedure
Ross procedure (pulmonary autograft, switch procedure): aortic valve replacement using the patient's own pulmonary valve plus a donor homograft, introduced by Donald Ross in 1967; offers better survival than mechanical or bioprosthetic valves in young adults but higher reintervention rates.
Ross River fever
Ross River fever (epidemic polyarthritis) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus disease endemic to Australia and Papua New Guinea, causing fever, rash, and joint pain; about 4,000 Australian cases yearly, no vaccine or specific treatment, no reported fatalities.
Rosuvastatin
Rosuvastatin, sold as Crestor, is a statin drug that blocks HMG-CoA reductase to lower cholesterol, first approved in the United States in 2003 for people at elevated cardiovascular risk.
Rosy retrospection
Rosy retrospection, also called rosy retrospection bias, is the tendency to recall past events more fondly than they were actually evaluated while happening, first described by Mitchell and Thompson in 1994.
RotaPulp trial
RotaPulp (NCT04636450) is a randomized controlled trial comparing manual versus rotary instrumentation for pulpectomy in 100 primary mandibular molars of children aged 4-8, in four arms (K-file, Kedo-SH, K3, Kedo-S), sponsored by Universidad de Guanajuato in Mexico City, measuring instrumentation time, filling quality, pain, and complications.
Rotarix
Rotarix (RIX4414) is GSK's monovalent oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine for infants 6-24 weeks, given as two doses; WHO prequalified, licensed in over 100 countries, efficacy 93% in low-mortality countries.
ROTASIIL
ROTASIIL (Rotasiil), Serum Institute of India's oral live attenuated pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (G1-G4, G9), WHO prequalified 2018; 3-dose infant schedule; 67% efficacy in Niger, 36% in India; heat-stable.
ROTASIIL Liquid
ROTASIIL-Liquid (LBRV-PV) is a ready-to-use oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine by Serum Institute of India, covering G1–G4 and G9, given as 3 doses from 6 weeks of age, WHO prequalified since 2021.
Rotational angiography
Rotational angiography is an X-ray technique in which a rotating C-arm reconstructs contrast-filled vessels into a 3D image, used mainly for cerebral aneurysms and cardiac imaging.
Rotational atherectomy
Rotational atherectomy is a percutaneous coronary intervention technique that uses a high-speed diamond-coated burr to grind away severely calcified plaque so stents can be placed.
Rotational thromboelastometry
Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a point-of-care viscoelastic test that measures clot formation, firmness, and lysis in whole blood, guiding hemostatic therapy in trauma, cardiac surgery, and obstetrics.
Rotator cuff
Rotator cuff: the four-muscle group (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor) stabilizing the shoulder joint. Covers anatomy, tears, impingement, diagnosis, and surgery-versus-therapy evidence.
Rotator cuff repair
Rotator cuff repair is a surgical procedure that reattaches a torn rotator cuff tendon to its footprint on the humerus, aiming to relieve pain and restore shoulder strength and motion.
Rotator cuff tear
Rotator cuff tear: partial or complete detachment of one of the four shoulder rotator cuff tendons from the humerus. Most tears are degenerative; 80-85% improve without surgery, and repair re-attaches the tendon.