Human health and medicine

ROTAVAC 5D

ROTAVAC 5D is Bharat Biotech's liquid, ready-to-use oral rotavirus vaccine (116E strain, G9P[11]), WHO prequalified 18 June 2021, stored at 2-8°C for 24 months, given as 5 drops in a 3-dose infant schedule, non-inferior to frozen ROTAVAC.

Rotavirus vaccine

Rotavirus vaccine: oral live attenuated infant vaccine (Rotarix, RotaTeq, Rotavac, RotaSiil) against rotavirus gastroenteritis; WHO-prequalified, used in 123 countries, 55% coverage, low intussusception risk.

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS, congenital poikiloderma) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis caused by RECQL4 or ANAPC1 variants, marked by infantile poikiloderma, sparse hair, short stature, cataracts, and osteosarcoma risk.

Rotor syndrome

Rotor syndrome (Rotor-type hyperbilirubinemia) is a rare benign autosomal recessive digenic disorder from SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 mutations causing OATP1B1/OATP1B3 deficiency, chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, coproporphyrinuria, normal liver histology, and no required treatment.

Rouleaux

Rouleaux: linear stack-of-coins aggregation of red blood cells caused by reduced zeta potential from elevated plasma proteins (fibrinogen, immunoglobulins); disperses with saline, unlike agglutination; drives ESR and marks myeloma, inflammation.

Roussy-Lévy syndrome

Roussy-Lévy syndrome (hereditary areflexic dystasia), described 1926, is an autosomal dominant CMT phenotype with gait ataxia, pes cavus, areflexia, and postural tremor, usually from the PMP22 17p11.2 duplication (CMT1A), sometimes MPZ mutation (CMT1B).

Route of administration

Route of administration: the pathway by which a drug is given to a patient (oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, transdermal, inhalation, rectal, intranasal, and others). Determines bioavailability, onset, first-pass metabolism, and cost; FDA codes routes for labeling.

Routine Diagnostic Tests

Routine diagnostic tests (MeSH D003955): laboratory tests and x-rays performed on all individuals in a specified situation, such as hospital admission or preoperative evaluation; distinguished from screening, with evidence on benefits, harms, and overuse.

Routine outcome monitoring

Routine outcome monitoring, also called measurement-based care, is a mental health practice in which standardized symptom measures are administered repeatedly and fed back to guide treatment decisions.

Roux-en-Y anastomosis

Roux-en-Y anastomosis: transected jejunal limb joined to stomach, esophagus, or bile duct with a Y-shaped jejunojejunostomy; one-way reflux-preventing loop used in gastric bypass, hepaticojejunostomy, and post-gastrectomy reconstruction.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a bariatric operation that divides the stomach into a small pouch and reroutes the jejunum, treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy

Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is a surgical reconstruction that drains bile by joining the hepatic duct to a defunctionalized Roux limb of jejunum, used to repair bile duct injury.

Rovadicitinib

Rovadicitinib (TQ05105, Anxu, 罗伐昔替尼) is a first-in-class oral JAK/ROCK dual inhibitor by Chia Tai Tianqing, first approved in China on 25 February 2026 as first-line therapy for intermediate-2 or high-risk myelofibrosis, and licensed globally to Sanofi.

Rovalpituzumab tesirine

Rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T, SC16LD6.5), an anti-DLL3 antibody-drug conjugate with a pyrrolobenzodiazepine payload for small-cell lung cancer; promising phase 1 results but phase 3 TAHOE and MERU failures ended development.

Oct 20, 2026

Rovatirelin

Rovatirelin (KPS-0373, ロバチレリン) is an oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue by Kissei/Shionogi for spinocerebellar degeneration ataxia; its phase 3 trials missed the primary SARA endpoint and its Japanese approval application was withdrawn in 2023.

Rovsing's sign

Rovsing's sign, also called indirect tenderness, is RLQ pain on LLQ palpation, described by Danish surgeon Niels Thorkild Rovsing in 1907 for appendicitis; low sensitivity, high specificity, original two-hand colon-compression technique often misdescribed.

Rowell syndrome

Rowell syndrome is a rare disorder combining lupus erythematosus with erythema multiforme-like lesions and a characteristic immunological pattern; first described in 1963, its existence remains debated.

Roy adaptation model

The Roy adaptation model is a nursing theory that frames the person as an adaptive system responding to stimuli, first presented in 1970 and centered at Mount Saint Mary's University.

Roy E. Rowe

Roy E. Rowe (c. 1928–2008) was a British concrete engineer who led the UK Cement and Concrete Association and was a US National Academy of Engineering Foreign Associate.

Roy L. Dennis

Roy L. "Rocky" Dennis, American teenager with craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (lionitis), died at 16; subject of the 1985 film Mask with Eric Stoltz and Cher.

Roy M. Pitkin

Roy M. Pitkin is an obstetrician-gynecologist and nutrition researcher who chaired obstetrics departments at Iowa and UCLA and studied folate's prevention of neural tube defects.

Royal Children's Hospital

The Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) is Victoria's major specialist paediatric hospital in Parkville, Melbourne, founded in 1870 as the Melbourne Free Hospital for Sick Children by Drs William Smith and John Singleton, noted for its Good Friday Appeal, Murdoch Children's Research Institute partnership, and paediatric trauma and emergency services.

Royal College of Nursing

Royal College of Nursing (RCN), founded 1916 as the College of Nursing, is the world's largest nursing union and professional body, with over half a million UK members, a 1928 Royal Charter, trade union registration since 1976, and first UK-wide nurse strikes in 2022.

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), British medical royal charity founded 1929, chartered 1947; trains and examines O&G doctors via MRCOG, sets Green-top Guidelines, 19,000+ members worldwide, London Bridge headquarters.

Royal College of Surgeons of England

The Royal College of Surgeons of England is a professional body and charity that trains, examines, and sets standards for surgeons and dental professionals in the UK and internationally.

Royal Earlswood Hospital

Royal Earlswood Hospital, originally the Asylum for Idiots (1847) and Earlswood Asylum, Redhill, Surrey, was Britain's first purpose-built institution for people with learning disabilities, where John Langdon Down identified Down's syndrome in 1866; closed 1997.

Royal London Hospital

Royal London Hospital: teaching hospital in Whitechapel, London, founded 1740 as the London Infirmary, granted royal title 1990, Major Trauma Centre for north east London and Essex, part of Barts Health NHS Trust since 2012.

Royal Marsden Hospital

Royal Marsden Hospital, London and Sutton, founded 1851 by Dr William Marsden as the Free Cancer Hospital; first hospital in the world dedicated to cancer study and treatment, now an NHS Foundation Trust partnered with the Institute of Cancer Research.

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPA), Camperdown, Sydney: principal referral teaching hospital of the University of Sydney, opened 1882 after the 1868 assassination attempt on Prince Alfred; first teaching hospital in NSW; $940 million redevelopment with a 15-storey East Tower due 2028/29.