25,729 articles
Atrophic papulosis
Atrophic papulosis (Degos disease, Köhlmeier-Degos disease) is a rare thrombotic vasculopathy with porcelain-white skin papules; the malignant systemic form (MAP) affects gut and brain with high mortality, while benign cutaneous BAP stays skin-limited.
Atrophic rhinitis of swine
Atrophic rhinitis of swine (porcine atrophic rhinitis, sometimes called bullnose) is a pig disease with turbinate bone atrophy; nonprogressive form from Bordetella bronchiseptica, progressive form from toxigenic Pasteurella multocida, now rare after eradication programs.
Atrophic senile gingivitis
Atrophic senile gingivitis (ICD-11 DA0B.3; SNOMED CT 91949000) is an age-related form of gingivitis, gum inflammation without connective tissue loss, kept as a legacy diagnostic category in ICD-11, SNOMED CT, and MedGen.
Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini (APP), also called idiopathic atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini, is a rare benign dermal atrophy with depressed hyperpigmented 'cliff-drop' patches on the trunk, debated as a superficial morphea variant, ICD-10 L90.3.
Atrophoderma vermiculata
Atrophoderma vermiculata (atrophoderma vermiculatum, folliculitis ulerythematosa reticulata) is a rare genetic follicular skin disorder with childhood onset, causing honeycomb atrophy of the cheeks, forehead, and preauricular area; linked to LRP1 and the keratosis pilaris atrophicans spectrum.
Atrophy
Atrophy is the wasting or decrease in size of a body part, cell, organ, or tissue; muscle atrophy comes in physiologic (disuse), pathologic, and neurogenic types, with disuse atrophy reversible through exercise.
Atrophy of breast
Atrophy of breast is a partial or complete decrease in the size and function of breast tissue, caused mainly by prolonged estrogen reduction, ischaemia, malnutrition, or disease.
Atrophy of pancreas
Atrophy of the pancreas is the progressive loss of pancreatic glandular tissue, often replaced by fat or fibrosis, leaving the organ smaller and less able to function.
Atrophy of prostate
Atrophy of prostate (ICD-11 GA91.5) is a partial or complete decrease in prostate size and function from apoptosis, ischemia, hormonal changes, or therapy; diffuse and focal forms can mimic adenocarcinoma on biopsy.
Atrophy of salivary gland
Atrophy of salivary gland is a decrease in the size of a salivary gland, classified in ICD-11 as DA04.0 and linked to Sjögren's syndrome, irradiation, and obstructive sialadenitis.
Atrophy of spleen
Atrophy of spleen (splenic atrophy, ICD-11 3B81.2; ICD-10-CM D73.0 hyposplenism) is acquired partial or complete degradation of the spleen, classically autosplenectomy in sickle cell anemia, causing hyposplenism and infection risk.
Atrophy of testis
Atrophy of testis (testicular atrophy, ICD-11 GB03) is shrinkage and loss of function of one or both testes from ischemia, infection, hormonal change, varicocele, torsion, trauma, or aging, causing reduced spermatogenesis and fertility.
Atrophy of tongue papillae
Atrophy of tongue papillae (atrophic glossitis, smooth tongue; ICD-10 K14.4, ICD-11 DA03.2) is loss of filiform and fungiform papillae giving a smooth red tongue, usually from iron, B12, folate, or other deficiencies.
Atropine
Atropine, also called (±)-hyoscyamine, is a belladonna alkaloid and competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist used for bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, and pupil dilation; racemic, levo isomer active.
Attachment disorder
Attachment disorder covers two childhood diagnoses, reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED), arising from severe early neglect; DSM-5 split them, and coercive attachment therapy is discredited.
Attachment parenting
Attachment parenting, a childrearing philosophy created by pediatrician William and Martha Sears and popularized by The Baby Book (1992), promotes breastfeeding, co-sleeping, and baby wearing; API's Eight Principles organize it, and it conflicts with AAP bed-sharing guidance.
Attachment therapy
Attachment therapy: umbrella term for treatments aiming to improve children's attachment relationships, from evidence-based caregiver interventions to condemned coercive holding and rebirthing methods linked to deaths.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity beginning before age 12; three DSM-5 presentations, no single diagnostic test, treated with stimulants, CBT, and parent training.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder predominantly inattentive
ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation (ADHD-I, formerly ADD) is the DSM-5 ADHD form meeting inattention criteria without hyperactivity-impulsivity; six symptoms required up to age 16, five for adults, with childhood onset before age 12.
Attention, perception & psychophysics
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics (AP&P), formerly Perception & Psychophysics (1966–2008), is the Psychonomic Society's peer-reviewed journal for sensory processes, perception, attention, and psychophysics, published by Springer, eight issues yearly, ISSN 1943-3921.
Attenuated Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
Attenuated (atypical) Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, ORPHA:352723, is the milder adolescent- or adult-onset form of LYST-related Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, with subtle albinism, low HLH risk, and early-adult neurodegeneration.
Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis
Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (AFAP), attenuated FAP, a milder APC-gene variant of familial adenomatous polyposis with fewer than 100 colorectal adenomas, later cancer onset around 55 years, 70% lifetime colorectal cancer risk, and MUTYH-associated polyposis as key differential diagnosis.
Attenuated vaccine
Attenuated vaccine (live attenuated vaccine): a vaccine containing a live, laboratory-weakened virus or bacterium, such as MMR, varicella, or oral polio, that replicates to give long-lasting immunity, usually with two doses, but is contraindicated in immunocompromised people.
Attic perforation of tympanic membrane
Attic perforation of tympanic membrane (pars flaccida perforation, ICD-11 AB13.1) is a hole in the upper, Shrapnell's membrane segment of the eardrum; an unsafe perforation with elevated risk of cholesteatoma and mastoiditis, usually managed surgically.
ATTR-ACT trial
ATTR-ACT (NCT01994889) was the pivotal phase 3 trial of tafamidis in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: 441 patients, 30 months, reduced mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations, leading to FDA approval on May 3, 2019.
ATTRACT trial (NCT04944069)
ATTRACT (NCT04944069) is a prospective, open-label, single-arm Chinese trial of almonertinib 110 mg daily plus bevacizumab 15 mg/kg in 69 EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with leptomeningeal metastasis, sponsored by Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; status unknown, no results posted.
ATTRibute-CM trial
ATTRibute-CM (AG10-301, NCT03860935) is the phase 3 trial of acoramidis in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: 632 patients, 2:1 vs placebo, 30 months, win ratio 1.8, basis of FDA approval of Attruby.
Atul Gawande
Atul Gawande, American endocrine surgeon, New Yorker writer, and Harvard professor; led the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist, wrote Complications and Being Mortal, co-founded Ariadne Labs and Lifebox, and served as USAID global health assistant administrator.
Atypical antipsychotic
Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics, led by clozapine (US launch 1990), treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with fewer movement side effects than typical drugs; notable agents include risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole.
Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia
Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), renamed MDS/MPN with neutrophilia by WHO 2022, is a rare BCR::ABL1-negative MDS/MPN with dysplastic neutrophilia, ASXL1/SETBP1 mutations, median survival 12–20 months, and transplant as the only curative option.