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Secondary Prevention
Secondary prevention is the level of preventive medicine, defined by Leavell and Clark in 1958, that detects and treats disease early through screening tests like mammography and the Pap smear.
Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction
Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction is the combination of medications, lifestyle change, and structured follow-up used to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events in heart attack survivors.
Secondary prevention of coronary artery disease
Secondary prevention of coronary artery disease is the set of drug treatments, lifestyle measures, and risk-factor targets used to prevent further damage and progression after a cardiovascular disease diagnosis.
Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is the MS stage following relapsing-remitting MS, marked by relapse-independent disability accrual (PIRA). About 50% of RRMS patients transition within 20 years; diagnosis is retrospective, and siponimod treats active SPMS.
Secondary psychotic syndrome
Secondary psychotic syndrome is a condition whose marked hallucinations or delusions arise directly from the pathophysiology of a medical illness or substance, coded 6E61 in the ICD-11.
Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a form of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in which surfactant accumulates because an underlying disease, most often a myeloid blood cancer, impairs alveolar macrophages.
Secondary pulmonary hemosiderosis
Secondary pulmonary hemosiderosis, also called secondary pulmonary haemosiderosis, is lung iron deposition from repeated alveolar hemorrhage due to another disease such as mitral stenosis, autoimmune vasculitis, coagulation disorders, or Heiner syndrome, unlike idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis.
Secondary Raynaud phenomenon
Secondary Raynaud phenomenon is episodic spasm of finger and toe blood vessels caused by an underlying disease, most often connective tissue disease such as systemic sclerosis.
Secondary rhabdomyolysis
Secondary rhabdomyolysis (ICD-11 8C84) is muscle breakdown from external causes such as drugs, toxins, trauma, immobilization, or endocrine and electrolyte disorders, distinguished from primary inherited muscle disease, with CK thresholds and AKI risk guiding care.
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic bile duct disease marked by inflammation and stricturing that arises from an identifiable injury, unlike primary sclerosing cholangitis, which has no known cause.
Secondary Sjögren syndrome
Secondary Sjögren syndrome (sSS), now termed associated Sjögren disease, is Sjögren syndrome with another systemic autoimmune disease such as RA or SLE; the 2023 Rome consensus retired the term.
Secondary syringomyelia
Secondary syringomyelia (ORPHA:99857, ICD-10 G95.0) is a rare spinal cord disease: a syrinx forms secondary to blocked CSF flow, cord injury, dysraphism, or intramedullary tumors, causing dissociated sensory loss.
Secondary thrombocytopenic purpura
Secondary thrombocytopenic purpura (secondary immune thrombocytopenia, ICD-11 3B64.11): immune platelet loss from an identifiable cause such as SLE, HIV, hepatitis C, H. pylori, lymphoma, or drugs, affecting 10-20% of ITP cases.
Secondary thrombocytosis
Secondary thrombocytosis, also called reactive thrombocytosis (ICD-11 3B63.10), is a platelet count above 450 × 10⁹/L caused by another disorder such as infection, inflammation, iron deficiency, cancer, or splenectomy; it accounts for 80–90% of thrombocytosis and resolves when the cause is treated.
Secondary tremor
Secondary tremor (ICD-11 8A04.3) is tremor caused by an identifiable underlying disorder, lesion, drug, or toxin, such as metabolic disturbances, cerebellar lesions, Holmes tremor, or drug-induced tremor, unlike primary tremor syndromes.
Secondary uterine inertia
Secondary uterine inertia, or arrested active phase of labor (ICD-10 O62.1, ICD-11 JB02.1), is the weakening or cessation of uterine contractions after initially adequate labor, treated with oxytocin augmentation or cesarean delivery.
Secondary vasculitis
Secondary vasculitis is blood vessel inflammation arising from another condition, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, infections like hepatitis C, drugs, or cancer, rather than a primary vasculitic disorder.
Secondary yaws
Secondary yaws (ICD-11 1C1D.1) is the second stage of yaws, caused by hematogenous and lymphatic spread of Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue weeks to two years after primary infection, with multiple papules, crab yaws, and dactylitis.
Secretin
Secretin: 27-amino acid peptide hormone, the first hormone discovered (Bayliss and Starling, 1902). Released by duodenal S cells on acid entry; stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, inhibits gastric acid, used in gastrinoma and pancreatic function tests.
Secretin synthetic human
Secretin synthetic human (ChiRhoStim, RG1068) is a synthetic 27-amino-acid copy of the human gut hormone secretin, FDA approved in 2004 to diagnose pancreatic exocrine dysfunction and gastrinoma and to aid ERCP; ineffective for autism.
SECRETO study
SECRETO (NCT01934725) is an international case-control study of cryptogenic ischemic stroke in adults 18-49, recruiting 2013-2022 at 19 European centres, studying triggers, cardiac, thrombotic, and genetic causes with 10-year follow-up.
Sectionectomy
Sectionectomy is an anatomic liver resection that removes one of the liver's four Couinaud sections, each with its own blood supply and bile drainage, preserving maximal functional liver tissue.
Secukinumab
Secukinumab (Cosentyx, AIN457) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody inhibiting interleukin-17A, first approved 2014-2015 for plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa.
SECURE study
SECURE (Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated With SternaLock Blu, NCT03709693) was a terminated Zimmer Biomet real-world evidence study of deep sternal wound infection at 30 days after SternaLock Blu rigid plate sternotomy closure, targeting 156 participants at four US sites.
Sedation
Sedation: drug-induced reduction of consciousness graded by the ASA continuum from minimal through moderate and deep sedation to general anesthesia, with monitoring, rescue, and drug-comparison evidence for procedural sedation.
Sedation scale
A sedation scale is a clinical rating instrument that scores a patient's consciousness or agitation so sedatives can be titrated; major ICU scales include the Ramsay, SAS, and RASS.
Sedative
Sedative: drug that calms and reduces activity; hypnotics induce sleep. Classes include benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, barbiturates, orexin antagonists; GABA-A modulation; risks of dependence, respiratory depression, and opioid-involved overdose.
Sedentary lifestyle
The sedentary lifestyle, or sedentarism, is a way of living dominated by sitting or lying with very low energy expenditure, which raises the risk of diabetes and heart disease.
Sedomigene (NL003, Huasuoling) HGF plasmid
Sedomigene injection (Huasuoling, NL003, Donaperminogene Seltoplasmid) is a naked HGF plasmid gene therapy by Beijing Northland Biotech, approved by NMPA on 28 May 2026 for ischemic limb ulcers in severe lower limb ischemia.
Seed oil misinformation
Seed oil misinformation: claims by influencers and politicians that canola, soybean, corn and similar oils cause inflammation and chronic disease, contradicted by Cochrane and AHA evidence, though repeated high-temperature frying concerns are partially supported.