25,729 articles
Sitokiren
Sitokiren (SPH3127, Sintolan, Xintuoan) is an oral non-peptide direct renin inhibitor developed by Shanghai Pharmaceuticals; approved in China 9 December 2025 for hypertension, noninferior to valsartan in a phase III trial.
Sitopaladi Curna
Sitopaladi Curna (सितोपलादि चूर्ण), also Sitopaladi Churna, is a classical Ayurvedic five-ingredient powder (rock sugar, bamboo manna, pippali, cardamom, cinnamon at 16:8:4:2:1) used for cough and respiratory disorders, with limited clinical trial evidence.
Sitravatinib
Sitravatinib (MGCD516) is an oral multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting TAM and split family kinases; tested with checkpoint inhibitors in RCC and NSCLC, its development was discontinued after Phase 3 trials missed their endpoints.
Sitting
Sitting, the supported resting posture of humans, spans chair history from Song dynasty China to modern ergonomics; prolonged sitting raises spinal load, reduces vascular function, and is best countered by posture variation rather than standing alone.
Situs inversus
Situs inversus (situs inversus totalis): complete mirror-image reversal of thoracic and abdominal organs, distinct from heterotaxy (situs ambiguous). Prevalence 1/6,000–1/33,000; usually asymptomatic; linked to Kartagener syndrome and primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Sitz bath
Sitz bath: warm shallow bath covering hips and buttocks, also called hip bath, used for hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and postpartum perineal care; evidence of benefit is limited.
Siva gutika (shiva gutika, afi-sivagutikalagu)
Siva Gutika (Śivā guṭikā, AFI000426) is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral pill built on shilajit, described in Ashtanga Sangraha Uttarasthana 49, dosed 12 g (Laghu variant 6 g), used for liver, spleen, metabolic and respiratory disorders.
Sivelestat
Sivelestat (Elaspol, Xiweina; ONO-5046, LY544349) is an intravenous, selective reversible neutrophil elastase inhibitor approved in Japan (2002), South Korea (2005), and China (2020) for SIRS-related acute lung injury/ARDS; efficacy evidence is mixed, strongest in sepsis-related ARDS.
Six-minute walk test
The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a self-paced clinical exercise test measuring the distance walked in six minutes, widely used in COPD and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Sixth nerve palsy
Sixth nerve palsy (abducens palsy, CN VI palsy): paralysis of the sixth cranial nerve causing esotropia and horizontal double vision worse at distance and toward the affected side; usually microvascular, about 80% recover.
SJ02
SJ02, sold as Slonva (晟诺娃), is a long-acting follicle-stimulating hormone drug approved in China in August 2025, where one injection replaces the first seven days of daily FSH injections in fertility treatment.
SJLIFE study
SJLIFE (St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study), NCT00760656, is a longitudinal cohort of childhood cancer survivors treated at St. Jude since 1962, with 3–4-day clinical assessments every 5 years, genomic sequencing, and findings on late effects and subsequent neoplasms.
Sjögren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome (Sjögren's disease), chronic autoimmune disorder attacking salivary and lacrimal glands, causing dry mouth and dry eyes; affects 1–4 million Americans, mostly women over 50, with elevated non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk.
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS, OMIM #270200): autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder from ALDH3A2/FALDH deficiency, causing congenital ichthyosis, spastic diplegia, intellectual disability, and diagnostic retinal glistening white dots; distinct from Sjögren's disease.
SK2 study
STRONG Kids 2 (SK2) is a University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign birth cohort study (NCT03341858) following 468 mother-child pairs from 2013 to examine biology, family, and child care influences on early childhood diet and weight trajectories.
SKB-571
SKB-571 (MK-2750) is a bispecific antibody-drug conjugate targeting EGFR and c-MET, developed by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech with Merck/MSD for solid tumors; Merck exercised its option in 2024 for $37.5 million upfront, and it is in Phase 1/2 trials in China.
SKB264-adjacent Kelun preclinical ADCs (none)
Seven preclinical antibody-drug conjugate candidates from Kelun-Biotech (科伦博泰), none of them SKB264 itself, licensed exclusively to Merck/MSD in December 2022 for a $175 million upfront and up to $9.3 billion in milestones.
SKB315 (Claudin 18.2 ADC)
SKB315 (MK-1200) is a CLDN18.2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate by Sichuan Kelun-Biotech, licensed globally to MSD in June 2022 for $35 million upfront plus up to $901 million milestones; phase 1 data show 37.5% ORR in gastric cancer.
SKB378 / HBM9378, anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody
HBM9378 (SKB378, WIN378) is a fully human IgG1 anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody co-developed by Harbour BioMed and Kelun-Biotech, with a 55–66 day half-life enabling twice-yearly dosing, now in Phase 2/3 asthma and COPD trials.
Skeletal Ewing sarcoma
Skeletal Ewing sarcoma, also called Ewing sarcoma of bone or pPNET, is an EWSR1-ETS fusion-driven small round cell tumor of bone in the young; distinguished from extraosseous Ewing sarcoma by primary site and somewhat worse prognosis.
Skeletal fluorosis
Skeletal fluorosis (ICD-11 FB80.1) is chronic fluoride toxicity of bone from high water, tea, coal, or occupational exposure, causing osteosclerosis, ligament calcification, pain, deformity, and fracture risk.
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle: voluntary striated muscle tissue, over 600 muscles of multinucleated fibers; sarcomeres with actin-myosin sliding filaments, type I/II fiber types, myokine endocrine role, sarcopenia and muscular dystrophies.
Skeletal muscle fiber
Skeletal muscle fiber (myofiber, muscle fiber): a large multinucleate muscle cell formed by myoblast fusion, containing myofibrils and sarcolemma. Types I, IIA, IIX (formerly IIB) classified by myosin heavy chain or mATPase; highly plastic, sex- and age-dependent.
Skeletal Muscle Ventricle
Skeletal Muscle Ventricle (SMV), an autologous skeletal-muscle pumping chamber, usually latissimus dorsi, electrically conditioned and connected to assist a failing heart; experimental alternative to mechanical ventricular assist devices.
Skeletal survey
A skeletal survey is a series of about twenty X-ray images of the entire skeleton, used mainly to detect fractures in suspected child abuse and bone disease in multiple myeloma.
Skeletal traction
Skeletal traction is an orthopedic treatment in which a pin or wire inserted directly into bone applies a steady pulling force to align a fracture or immobilize a limb.
Skene duct cyst
Skene duct cyst, also called paraurethral or Skene's gland cyst, is a benign cyst from obstruction of a Skene gland duct beside the distal female urethra; mostly under 1 cm and asymptomatic, distinguished from urethral diverticulum by absent urethral communication.
Skene's gland
Skene's glands (paraurethral glands, female prostate) are two glands beside the female urethra that secrete lubricating, antimicrobial fluid, may source female ejaculation, and can develop skenitis, cysts, abscesses, or rare PSA-expressing cancers.
Skew deviation
Skew deviation, also called ocular tilt reaction component, is an acquired vertical eye misalignment from disrupted utriculo-ocular vestibular pathways, usually brainstem or cerebellar stroke or demyelination, mimicking fourth nerve palsy.
Skin biopsy
A skin biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of skin is removed, usually under local anesthesia, and examined microscopically to diagnose skin diseases and systemic conditions with skin manifestations.