Human health and medicine

Sleeve lobectomy

Sleeve lobectomy, also called sleeve resection, is a thoracic operation that removes a lung lobe together with a segment of main bronchus, rejoined end-to-end, mainly for central lung cancer.

Slice preparation: cutting 300–400 µm living brain sections for acute electrophysiology or long-term organotypic culture, from Harrison's 1907 explant to Stoppini's 1991 membrane-interface method, with ice-cold ACSF cutting and 6–12 hour acute viability.

Sling procedure

The sling procedure is a surgery for stress urinary incontinence in women that places a tension-free polypropylene mesh band under the midurethra; about 80% of women become dry, and 70% remain dry at 5 years.

Sling surgery

Sling surgery is a urologic procedure that places a strip of mesh or tissue beneath the urethra to treat stress urinary incontinence in women, often combined with prolapse repair.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), also called slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE), is an adolescent hip disorder where the femoral head displaces through the growth plate, most often in obese boys aged 10-16, treated by in situ screw fixation.

SLIT trial

SLIT trial (NCT05570383): randomized double-blind Chinese trial at People's Hospital of Anshun City, Guizhou, comparing Dermatophagoides farinae sublingual immunotherapy drops with mometasone furoate nasal spray in 60 adults with perennial allergic rhinitis, studying ILC1/2/3 mechanisms.

Slit-lamp examination

Slit-lamp examination, or slit-lamp biomicroscopy, is an ophthalmic exam using a binocular microscope and adjustable blade of light to inspect the eye from lids to fundus.

Slow transit constipation

Slow transit constipation (STC) is a chronic colonic motility disorder in which stool moves abnormally slowly through the colon, causing infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, and abdominal discomfort.

Slow-wave sleep

Slow-wave sleep (SWS, deep sleep, stage N3) is the deepest NREM sleep stage, defined by high-amplitude 0.5–2 Hz delta waves on EEG, homeostatically regulated, central to memory consolidation, and reduced with aging.

SLS trial

Scleroderma Lung Study (SLS I, NCT00004563): NIH-sponsored 13-center placebo-controlled trial of oral cyclophosphamide in 158 systemic sclerosis ILD patients; slowed FVC decline, followed by SLS II comparing mycophenolate mofetil.

SLSII trial

SLS II (Scleroderma Lung Study II) is a randomized controlled trial comparing 2 years of mycophenolate mofetil with 1 year of oral cyclophosphamide in 142 patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease; both improved lung function equally, with MMF better tolerated.

Small bowel atresia

Small bowel atresia, also called intestinal atresia, is a birth defect in which part of the small intestine is blocked or narrowed, causing bilious vomiting in newborns within 48 hours and treated surgically.

Small cell carcinoma of the bladder

Small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB), a rare aggressive neuroendocrine bladder cancer under 1% of cases, first reported 1981, marked by TP53/RB1 loss, hematuria, and treatment extrapolated from small cell lung cancer.

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), a rare aggressive ovarian cancer of young women, first described 1979, causing hypercalcemia in two-thirds of cases and driven by SMARCA4 loss.

Small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer is a fast-growing, aggressive lung cancer linked to smoking, making up about 15% of lung cancers; it spreads early but responds to chemotherapy and radiation.

Small for gestational age

Small for gestational age (SGA) describes a fetus or newborn below the 10th weight percentile for gestational age and sex, distinguished from pathological fetal growth restriction, with elevated stillbirth risk and childhood growth follow-up.

Small incision cataract surgery

Small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) removes a cataract and implants a lens through a small self-sealing scleral tunnel, delivering the nucleus manually rather than with ultrasound.

Small incision lenticule extraction

Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is a refractive surgery in which a femtosecond laser cuts a disc of tissue inside the cornea, removed through a small incision to correct myopia.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), also called bacterial overgrowth of the small bowel, is excessive bacteria in the small intestine causing diarrhea, bloating, and malabsorption; diagnosis by jejunal aspirate culture or breath tests is contested.

Small intestinal biopsy

A small intestinal biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that takes mucosal tissue samples from the duodenum during upper endoscopy and examines them under the microscope, principally to diagnose celiac disease.

Small intestine

Small intestine: the 3–5 m duodenum–jejunum–ileum tube between stomach and colon; performs 90–95% of nutrient absorption, absorbs 7–8 of 9 daily liters of water, and shows five molecular regions.

Small kidney

Small kidney (ICD-11 MF54.2; renal hypoplasia or kidney atrophy): a kidney under 11 cm long and 120 g, from congenital underdevelopment or acquired shrinkage from infection, blockage, or vascular disease.

Small lymphocytic lymphoma

Small lymphocytic lymphoma is an indolent cancer of B lymphocytes, mainly in enlarged lymph nodes, the same disease as chronic lymphocytic leukemia with under 5 × 10⁹/L cells in blood.

Oct 20, 2026

Small plaque parapsoriasis

Small plaque parapsoriasis (chronic superficial dermatitis, digitate dermatosis) is a benign chronic scaly skin disease with patches under 5 cm on the trunk; rarely progresses to mycosis fungoides; treated with narrowband UVB phototherapy.

Small-area analysis

Small-area analysis, also known as small-area variation, is an epidemiological method comparing health care utilization and spending across small geographic areas, founded by John Wennberg in Vermont in 1973.

Small-cell carcinoma

Small-cell carcinoma (oat cell cancer) is a fast-growing neuroendocrine cancer, usually of the lung, strongly linked to smoking, marked by TP53/RB1 loss, treated with platinum-etoposide chemoradiation, PD-L1 inhibitors, and tarlatamab.

Oct 20, 2026

Smallpox and monkeypox vaccine, live, non replicating

JYNNEOS (Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine, Live, Non-replicating; Imvamune, Imvanex) is Bavarian Nordic's two-dose MVA-BN vaccine, FDA-licensed 2019, safer than ACAM2000, used in the 2022 mpox outbreak.