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Spleen filtration of nanoparticles
Spleen filtration of nanoparticles is the process by which the spleen traps or destroys intravenously injected nanoparticles; particles above 200 nm are captured, so designs stay near 100 nm or exploit the filter for immunotherapy.
Spleen imaging
Spleen imaging uses ultrasound, CT, MRI, and nuclear scintigraphy to measure the spleen and assess enlargement or focal abnormality, with ultrasound the most validated first-line test.
Spleen stiffness measurement
Spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) is a noninvasive elastography technique that measures spleen stiffness in kilopascals to assess portal hypertension, notably clinically significant portal hypertension, in chronic liver disease.
Spleen transplantation
Spleen transplantation (splenic autotransplantation) reimplants a patient's own splenic fragments, usually in the greater omentum, after splenectomy to regenerate splenic tissue and reduce overwhelming post-splenectomy infection risk; protection against OPSI remains unconfirmed.
Splenectomy
Splenectomy is surgical removal of the spleen, done open, laparoscopic, or robotically for trauma, hematologic disorders, and splenomegaly; asplenic patients need lifelong pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Hib vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis.
Splenic arteriovenous malformation
Splenic arteriovenous malformation (arteriovenous malformation of the spleen, ORPHA:693863) is an ultra-rare congenital shunt between the splenic artery and splenic vein at the splenic hilum, causing portal hypertension, splenic artery aneurysms, hemorrhage, and treated by embolization or splenectomy.
Splenic cyst
A splenic cyst is a fluid-filled cavity in the spleen, classified as a true epithelial-lined cyst, a pseudocyst, or a parasitic hydatid cyst; about 75% are pseudocysts, most following abdominal trauma.
Splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma
Splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL) is a rare, indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of small B cells infiltrating the splenic red pulp, typically causing massive splenomegaly.
Splenic infarction
Splenic infarction: death of spleen tissue from occlusion of the splenic artery or its branches. Also called splenic infarct. Causes include cardioembolism, hematologic disease, malignancy, sepsis; diagnosed by contrast-enhanced CT; usually managed conservatively.
Splenic injury
Splenic injury: trauma to the spleen, the most commonly injured organ in blunt abdominal trauma. Also called splenic trauma; treated by nonoperative management, embolization, or splenectomy, with NOM failure under 10% overall.
Splenic lymph nodes
Splenic lymph nodes (nodi splenici) lie at the splenic hilum, drain the spleen, pancreas body/tail, and stomach, and form gastric cancer station 10; key regional nodes in pancreatic and gastric cancer surgery.
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the spleen, bone marrow, and blood, marked by 7q deletion, NOTCH2 and KLF2 mutations, and rituximab or splenectomy treatment.
Splenic sequestration crisis
Splenic sequestration crisis, also called acute splenic sequestration, is a sickle cell disease emergency in which red cells trap in the spleen, dropping hemoglobin by 2 g/dL or more; treated with transfusion, sometimes splenectomy.
Splenic vein
Splenic vein: large abdominal vein formed at the splenic hilum, draining spleen, pancreas, and stomach; joins the superior mesenteric vein behind the pancreatic neck to form the portal vein; key diseases are splenic vein thrombosis and left-sided portal hypertension.
Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly, an enlarged spleen (over 12 cm length or 400 g), arises from portal hypertension, infections like EBV and malaria, infiltration, or hematopoiesis; massive splenomegaly exceeds 20 cm or 1000 g and risks rupture.
Splenorenal shunt
A splenorenal shunt is a surgical operation connecting the splenic vein to the left renal vein, lowering portal pressure to control variceal bleeding; the selective distal form dates to 1967.
Splenosis
Splenosis, also called splenic autotransplantation, is benign ectopic splenic tissue implanted after splenic trauma or splenectomy; diagnosed by Tc-99m heat-damaged RBC scintigraphy, it mimics malignancy and occurs in up to 65% of splenic ruptures.
SPLID trial
SPLID (NCT05041829) is a pilot single-center crossover single-blind randomized controlled trial at UC Irvine testing low versus high dietary sodium intake for blood pressure, kidney function, and proteinuria in living kidney donors 5-12 months post-donation; currently suspended.
Splint (medicine)
Splint (medicine): noncircumferential plaster, fiberglass, or thermoplastic appliance immobilizing an injury across the joints above and below it. Distinguished from circumferential casts and prefabricated braces; used for fractures, sprains, and tendon injuries.
Splint therapy
Splint therapy is a dental treatment in which a custom-made removable appliance worn over the teeth treats jaw joint disorders and teeth grinding, protecting them from clenching damage.
Splinting (medicine)
Splinting, including dynamic splinting, is the application of a rigid or adjustable device to immobilize, support, or position an injured limb or joint, applied noncircumferentially unlike a cast.
Split cord malformation type I
Split cord malformation type I (diastematomyelia, SCM type I): rare congenital dysraphism with two hemicords in separate dural sacs divided by a bony or cartilaginous spur; Pang 1992 classification, Mahapatra Ia-Id subtypes.
Split cord malformation type II
Split cord malformation type II (diplomyelia, SCM type 2): congenital spinal cord split into two hemicords within a single dural sac, separated by a fibrous septum, per Pang's 1992 classification; treated by cord detethering.
Split liver transplantation
Split liver transplantation (SLT) is a technique that divides one donated liver into two grafts, typically for a child and an adult, first performed successfully in 1988.
Split S2
Split S2: auscultated separation of the second heart sound into aortic (A2) and pulmonic (P2) components. Normally split on inspiration, single on expiration; fixed split suggests atrial septal defect, reverse split LBBB or aortic stenosis.
Split-brain
Split-brain: condition after corpus callosotomy, severing the corpus callosum to treat drug-resistant epilepsy. Studied by Sperry, Bogen, and Gazzaniga from the 1960s; classic left-hand/left-visual-field findings; debate over split versus unified consciousness.
Split-thickness skin grafting
Split-thickness skin grafting transplants a thin layer of skin, the epidermis plus part of the dermis, from a donor site to cover wounds elsewhere on the body.
Splitting of urinary stream
Splitting of urinary stream (尿線分割, ICD-11 MF50.62; ICD-10-CM R39.13) is the complaint that urine exits as a spray or forked stream rather than a single stream, usually from distal urethral or meatal causes such as adhesion, stricture, or meatal stenosis.
SPMSQ-E trial
SPMSQ-E trial (NCT02049411), a Mexican double-blind randomized pilot study by Rascon Martinez testing 0.3 mg/kg ketamine during ophthalmic surgery in elderly patients, using the SPMSQ cognitive questionnaire; ketamine improved postoperative SPMSQ scores with no intraocular pressure or hemodynamic increase.
SPONASTRIME dysplasia
SPONASTRIME dysplasia, also called spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia Sponastrime type, is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by TONSL mutations, marked by short stature, midface hypoplasia, vertebral deformity, and metaphyseal striations.