25,729 articles
Stephen W. Lagakos
Stephen W. Lagakos was an American biostatistician and former chair of Harvard's biostatistics department whose methods and trial designs shaped AIDS research until his death in 2009.
Stepped care model
The stepped care model is a healthcare approach that offers patients the least intensive effective treatment first, escalating only if monitoring shows it is insufficient.
Stepped wedge design
The stepped wedge design is a cluster randomized trial design in which clusters switch from control to intervention at staggered randomized times until all have crossed over.
Stepped-wedge trial
A stepped-wedge trial is a cluster-randomized design where all clusters start in control and cross over to the intervention group by group at randomized times called steps.
STEPS trial (NCT06668389)
The STEPS trial (NCT06668389) is a University of Hong Kong Phase 4 trial testing whether dapagliflozin improves cardiopulmonary function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.
Stereo electroencephalography
Stereo electroencephalography (SEEG) is an invasive brain monitoring technique using depth electrodes through small skull holes to locate the seizure onset zone in drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
Stereoelectroencephalography
Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an invasive neurophysiological technique in which depth electrodes are implanted in the brain to locate seizures in drug-resistant focal epilepsy, developed in Paris in the 1950s.
Stereotactic biopsy
Stereotactic biopsy is a minimally invasive neurosurgical procedure that uses three-dimensional imaging coordinates to guide a needle to deep brain lesions, achieving diagnostic yields above 95%.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), also called stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR), delivers high ablative radiation doses to body tumors in 1 to 5 fractions with submillimeter accuracy.
Stereotactic surgery
Stereotactic surgery: 3D coordinate-guided minimally invasive brain surgery, also called stereotaxis. Frame-based or frameless targeting for biopsy, functional neurosurgery, and radiosurgery; pioneered by Horsley-Clarke (1908) and Spiegel-Wycis (1947).
Stereotaxy
Stereotaxy is a neurosurgical technique that uses a three-dimensional coordinate system to reach targets inside the brain, used for biopsy, deep brain stimulation, and radiosurgery.
Stereotyped movement disorder
Stereotyped movement disorder (SMD, motor stereotypies, ICD-11 6A06) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of repetitive, purposeless movements such as hand flapping or head banging, beginning before age 3, treated mainly with habit reversal training.
Stereotypy
Stereotypy: repetitive, rhythmic, apparently purposeless movements, object use, or vocalizations (hand flapping, rocking, echolalia) with early-childhood onset; seen in autism, intellectual disability, and healthy children; basal ganglia-based, usually automatically reinforced.
Sterile multifocal osteomyelitis with periostitis and pustulosis
Sterile multifocal osteomyelitis with periostitis and pustulosis, also called DIRA or OMPP, is a rare autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease from IL1RN mutations causing unopposed IL-1 signaling, neonatal pustulosis, and osteolytic bone lesions, treated with anakinra or canakinumab.
Sterility testing
Sterility testing is a microbiological quality-control method that incubates pharmaceutical products or medical devices in culture media to detect contaminating bacteria or fungi before batch release.
Sterilization (medicine)
Sterilization (medicine): permanent surgical contraception via tubal ligation or salpingectomy in women and vasectomy in men; over 220 million couples use it, with first-year failure rates of 0.5% (tubal) and 0.15% (vasectomy).
Sterilization Reversal
Sterilization reversal (tubal reanastomosis, vasectomy reversal) surgically restores fertility after sterilization; pregnancy rates 42–69% after tubal reversal, 49% after vasectomy reversal, compared with IVF.
Sternal cleft
Sternal cleft (bifid sternum, sternum bifidum) is a rare congenital chest wall malformation in which the sternal halves fail to fuse, leaving a complete or partial gap; usually asymptomatic at birth and treated by surgical closure, ideally neonatal.
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), sternomastoid: paired superficial neck muscle from sternum and clavicle to mastoid process; rotates and flexes the head, innervated by CN XI, divides neck into triangles.
Sternum
Sternum (breastbone): flat midline chest bone of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process; protects the mediastinum, anchors ribs 1-7 via costal cartilage, and marks the sternal angle at the 2nd rib.
Steroid-induced osteoporosis
Steroid-induced osteoporosis, or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), is iatrogenic bone loss from steroid therapy, the most common secondary osteoporosis, causing rapid dose-dependent fracture risk and treated with bisphosphonates or teriparatide.
Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis
SREAT, or Hashimoto encephalopathy, is a rare steroid-responsive encephalopathy with elevated antithyroid antibodies, diagnosed after excluding other causes; seizures, confusion, and cognitive decline are common, and corticosteroids help most patients.
Stertor
Stertor is a low-pitched, snoring-like breathing sound from soft-tissue vibration above the larynx (nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx), ICD-11 MD11.80; distinct from high-pitched stridor, seen in sleep, coma, congestion, and adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
Stethoscope
Stethoscope: acoustic or electronic instrument for auscultation of heart, lung, bowel, and vessel sounds. Invented by René Laënnec in 1816; binaural design 1851–1852; now includes digital and FDA-cleared AI-assisted models such as eMurmur Heart AI.
Steve Pieczenik
Steve Pieczenik, former U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State and hostage negotiator, later co-creator of Tom Clancy's Op-Center and Net Force novels, and an Infowars guest known for Sandy Hook and bin Laden conspiracy claims.
Steven A. Goldstein
Steven A. Goldstein is an American bioengineer at the University of Michigan, a professor emeritus known for research on the mechanical and biologic regulation of bone repair and regeneration.
Steven E. Lipshultz
Steven E. Lipshultz, also known as Steven Lipshultz, was an American pediatric cardiologist and physician-scientist who led the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry and helped establish pediatric cardio-oncology.
Steven Gundry
Steven Gundry, former Loma Linda cardiothoracic surgery chairman, promotes the lectin-free diet via The Plant Paradox and Gundry MD supplements; his lectin and mRNA vaccine claims lack peer-reviewed support and drew an AHA expression of concern.
Steven Hatfill
Steven Jay Hatfill, American physician and biodefense researcher, Fort Detrick USAMRIID fellow, wrongly named 'person of interest' in the 2001 anthrax attacks, exonerated in 2008 with a $5.8 million Justice Department settlement, later a Trump COVID adviser.
Steven Schwaitzberg
Steven Schwaitzberg is an American surgeon known for minimally invasive surgery who chaired the Department of Surgery at the University at Buffalo from 2015 until 2026.