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Avibactam
Avibactam (NXL104) is a diazabicyclooctane, non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor with covalent reversible inhibition of class A, C, and some class D enzymes; approved 2015 with ceftazidime as AVYCAZ.
Avipattikara Curna
Avipattikara Curna (Avipattikar Churna) is a classical 14-ingredient Ayurvedic powder from Bhaishajyaratnavali for hyperacidity (Amlapitta) and constipation; dose 3-6 g with warm water, rat studies comparable to ranitidine, no human RCT.
Aviptadil
Aviptadil (RLF-100, ZYESAMI), a synthetic 28-amino-acid form of vasoactive intestinal peptide, is a lung-protective, anti-inflammatory peptide drug tested for ARDS and COVID-19 respiratory failure; large trials found no survival benefit.
Avittoladi bhasma (afi afi-avittoladibasmaksara)
Avittoladi bhasma (kshara), also spelled Aviltoladi Bhasmam, is an Ayurvedic alkaline ash formulation from Sahasrayoga, listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (10:4), made from about ten plant drugs and traditionally used for ascites, edema, and liver and spleen disorders.
Avoidance behaviour
Avoidance behavior is behavior that prevents or reduces contact with an anticipated threat. Adaptive against danger, it becomes maladaptive in anxiety disorders, PTSD, and OCD, which it maintains.
Avoidant or restrictive eating
Avoidant or restrictive eating (ICD-11 MB29.0) is a limited diet defined by dietary composition or sensory features inconsistent with cultural norms; when persistent and harmful it is ARFID (6B83), an eating disorder without body-image concerns, introduced in DSM-5 2013 and ICD-11.
Avoidant personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD): a Cluster C personality disorder of social inhibition, inadequacy feelings, and rejection hypersensitivity; four of seven DSM criteria required; prevalence about 1.5%-2.5%; overlaps controversially with social anxiety disorder.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), also called avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, is an eating disorder added to DSM-5 in 2013, marked by restricted eating from sensory sensitivity, fear of aversive consequences, or lack of interest, without weight or shape concerns.
Avolition
Avolition, reduced initiation and persistence of goal-directed activity, is a core negative symptom of schizophrenia, central in symptom networks, a strong predictor of poor functional outcome, and currently lacking approved drug treatment.
Avosentan
Avosentan, also known as SPP301, is an endothelin receptor antagonist developed for diabetic nephropathy and abandoned after its phase 3 ASCEND trial was stopped early for congestive heart failure.
Avotermin
Avotermin (Juvista), recombinant human TGF-beta 3 from Renovo, was an intradermal prophylactic scar-improvement drug; positive phase I/II trials preceded its 2011 phase III failure.
AVPU
AVPU (Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive) is a four-level consciousness scale used in emergency and prehospital care; it maps to GCS ranges of roughly 15, 13, 8, and 3 and appears in most early warning scores.
Avulsion fracture
An avulsion fracture happens when a tendon or ligament pulls a small piece of bone away from the main bone, usually during sudden movement in young athletes.
Avulsion injury
Avulsion injury: tearing away of skin, soft tissue, bone fragment, or tooth by pulling or shearing force; severe forms are called degloving, with replantation survival about 66% for complete finger avulsions.
Avulsion of scalp
Avulsion of scalp (ICD-11 NA09.0), traumatic tearing away of the scalp, usually from hair caught in rotating machinery. Microsurgical replantation, first successful in 1976, gives the best outcomes.
Avulsion of tibial tuberosity
Avulsion of tibial tuberosity (tibial tubercle avulsion fracture, TTAF): rare adolescent knee injury, about 3% of proximal tibial fractures, in boys 14–16 during jumping sports; classified by Watson-Jones/Ogden, treated by casting or screw fixation.
Avulsion of tooth
Avulsion of tooth (exarticulation, ICD-11 NA0D.15): complete traumatic displacement of a tooth from its socket. Permanent teeth need replantation within about 60 minutes, ideally immediately, stored in milk or HBSS; primary teeth are never replanted.
Avutometinib
Avutometinib (VS-6766, CH-5126766), a RAF/MEK clamp kinase inhibitor, is co-packaged with defactinib as Avmapki Fakzynja Co-pack, FDA-accelerated approved May 8, 2025 for KRAS-mutated recurrent low-grade serous ovarian cancer.
Awake craniotomy
Awake craniotomy is a neurosurgical technique in which part of a brain operation is done with the patient awake, allowing real-time testing of speech and movement.
Awakenings
Awakenings is Penny Marshall's 1990 Columbia Pictures drama starring Robert De Niro and Robin Williams, adapted from Oliver Sacks's 1973 book about L-DOPA reviving catatonic encephalitis lethargica patients in 1969; three Oscar nominations, $52 million domestic gross.
Awakenings (book)
Awakenings is Oliver Sacks's 1973 nonfiction book (also Uyanışlar) about 20 postencephalitic parkinsonism patients at Mount Carmel hospital whose decades-long catatonia briefly lifted with L-DOPA in 1969; it won the 1974 Hawthornden Prize and inspired the 1990 film.
Awareness under general anaesthesia
Awareness under general anaesthesia (ICD-11 NE89; AAGA, anesthesia awareness): consciousness with recall during intended general anaesthesia, affecting about 1-2 per 1,000 cases; neuromuscular blockade raises risk over 16-fold, and distress or PTSD can follow.
Away from Her
Away from Her is a 2006 Canadian drama, Sarah Polley's directorial debut, adapted from Alice Munro's "The Bear Came Over the Mountain," starring Julie Christie and Gordon Pinsent as a couple divided by Alzheimer's; it earned two Oscar nominations and seven Genies.
Awele Elumelu
Awele Vivien Elumelu (born 1970, Lagos) is a Nigerian physician and healthcare entrepreneur, chair of Avon Healthcare and Avon Medical Practice, Tony Elumelu Foundation co-founder, OFR 2023, and Transcorp Hotels board chair from January 2026.
Axatilimab
Axatilimab, sold as Niktimvo, is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks CSF-1R on monocytes and macrophages, FDA-approved in August 2024 for chronic graft-versus-host disease.
Axe Brand Universal Oil
Axe Brand Universal Oil (斧標驅風油, Minyak Angin Cap Kapak) is a Singapore medicated oil made since 1928 by Leung Kai Fook Medical Company, with menthol, camphor, and methyl salicylate, sold in over fifty countries; distinct from Unilever's Axe fragrance brand.
Axel Munthe
Axel Munthe (1857–1949) was a Swedish physician and psychiatrist who practiced in Paris, Rome, and Capri and wrote the bestselling 1929 memoir The Story of San Michele.
Axenfeld anomaly
Axenfeld anomaly (Axenfeld syndrome, part of Axenfeld-Rieger spectrum): rare congenital anterior segment dysgenesis with posterior embryotoxon and iris strands to a displaced Schwalbe line; autosomal dominant, FOXC1/PITX2, glaucoma risk, no systemic features unlike Rieger anomaly.
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS), also called Axenfeld anomaly or Rieger syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant anterior segment eye disorder caused by PITX2 or FOXC1 mutations, with glaucoma in about half of cases and dental, facial, and umbilical anomalies.
Axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum
Axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum (Russell Weaver Bull syndrome, ORPHA:1834) is a rare congenital disorder combining Goldenhar/oculo-auriculo-vertebral and caudal regression features, attributed to disturbed mesodermal cell migration during early embryogenesis.