Human health and medicine

Venetoclax

Venetoclax (Venclexta/Venclyxto) is an oral BCL-2-selective BH3 mimetic approved in 2016 for CLL/SLL and in 2018 with HMAs for unfit AML, using a 5-week TLS-preventing ramp-up to 400 mg.

A venetoclax regimen is a drug treatment schedule built around venetoclax, an oral BCL-2 inhibitor approved for CLL and SLL, and for newly diagnosed AML in adults 75 or older combined with azacitidine.

VENEZE-AGA trial

VENEZE-AGA (NCT07536100) is a randomized, triple-masked Thai trial comparing VENEZE Peptide Factor Hair Serum twice daily with topical 2% minoxidil over 24 weeks in 80 adults with androgenetic alopecia, measuring vertex hair count at weeks 12 and 24.

Venezuelan equine encephalitis

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), caused by VEEV, a mosquito-borne alphavirus endemic to the Americas; epizootic IAB/IC strains amplify in equids, driving outbreaks such as 1969–1972 and 1995; humans usually get self-limited fever, supportive care only.

Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever

Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (VHF), caused by Guanarito virus (GTOV), a New World arenavirus; rodent-borne disease endemic to western Venezuela since 1989, with thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemorrhage, and 23.1% case fatality.

Venglustat

Venglustat is an investigational oral, brain-penetrant glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor from Sanofi Genzyme that met both primary endpoints in the LEAP2MONO phase 3 study of type 3 Gaucher disease in 2026.

Venipuncture

Venipuncture is needle puncture of a vein to collect diagnostic blood samples, governed by CLSI PRE02. It yields lower blood culture contamination than catheter draws and equals peripheral catheter sampling for most lab tests.

Venlafaxine

Venlafaxine (Effexor) is an SNRI antidepressant approved in the US in 1993 for major depression, later for anxiety disorders; dose-dependent norepinephrine effects, blood pressure elevation above 225 mg/day, and modestly greater efficacy than SSRIs.

Venography

Venography, also called phlebography, is an x-ray examination in which iodine-based contrast is injected into a vein to reveal clots, obstructions, and anatomic variants; first used in humans in 1923.

Venous anastomosis

Venous anastomosis is a surgical procedure that connects two veins to restore or redirect blood flow, sewn by hand or joined with a ring-and-pin coupler in flap reconstruction, replantation, and organ transplantation.

Oct 20, 2026

Venous Cutdown

Venous cutdown: surgical exposure and cannulation of a superficial vein, classically the great saphenous vein at the ankle, for emergency vascular access when percutaneous IV, intraosseous, or ultrasound-guided techniques fail.

Venous hum

Venous hum (cervical venous hum): a continuous, innocent murmur of the internal jugular veins, loudest in the supraclavicular area, common in children, right-sided, louder sitting and in diastole, abolished by jugular compression or lying down.

Venous lake

Venous lake (senile hemangioma of lip, acquired venous hemangioma): benign compressible blue-purple vascular lesion from dilated venules, usually on the lower lip of people over 50; treated with laser, sclerotherapy, or cryotherapy.

Venous Pressure

Venous pressure is the blood pressure within the veins, also called venous blood pressure, assessed as central venous pressure, jugular venous pressure, or ambulatory leg venous pressure to gauge cardiac filling, fluid responsiveness, and venous disease.

Venous reconstruction

Venous reconstruction is a set of open surgical techniques that repair or rebuild veins using sutures, patches, or grafts, restoring venous outflow after tumor resection, trauma, or chronic venous obstruction.

Venous resection

Venous resection is a surgical technique that removes a segment of the portal or superior mesenteric vein together with a pancreatic tumor, restoring vein continuity afterward.

Venous sampling

Venous sampling is a diagnostic catheter procedure that draws blood from selected deep veins to measure hormone gradients, localizing which gland is secreting excess hormone.

Venous thromboembolism

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition in which a blood clot forms in a vein, usually a leg deep vein, causing deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.

Venous thrombosis

Venous thrombosis, blood clot formation in a vein (deep vein thrombosis, DVT; with pulmonary embolism forms VTE), explained by Virchow's triad, incidence about 1 per 1,000 adults yearly, treated with anticoagulants.

Venous ulcer

Venous ulcer (venous leg ulcer, stasis ulcer): open skin lesion near the ankle sustained by chronic venous insufficiency and venous hypertension; treated with strong compression therapy and endovenous ablation, with 26-69% recurrence within 12 months.

Ventilation/perfusion ratio

Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio: ratio of alveolar ventilation to pulmonary blood flow, about 0.8 overall, lower at lung bases; V/Q mismatch underlies hypoxemia, shunt, dead space, and the V/Q scan used to diagnose pulmonary embolism and CTEPH.

Ventilation/perfusion scan

Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan, also called lung scintigraphy: a two-part nuclear medicine test comparing inhaled and injected tracers to detect pulmonary embolism, screen for CTEPH, and assess regional lung function.

Ventilator weaning

Ventilator weaning is the clinical process of gradually withdrawing mechanical ventilation from an ICU patient to test whether the respiratory muscles can sustain breathing unaided, using spontaneous breathing trials.

Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction

Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD), also called ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction, is loss of diaphragm force and fiber atrophy caused by mechanical ventilation, leading to weaning failure; mechanisms involve oxidative stress and proteolysis.

Ventral cochlear nucleus

Ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), first relay of the central auditory system in the brainstem, subdivided into AVCN and PVCN; its octopus, bushy, and stellate cells run parallel timing and sound-localization pathways.

Ventral hernia repair

Ventral hernia repair, also called laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, is surgery closing an abdominal wall defect with mesh, done open, laparoscopically, or robotically, with hundreds of thousands performed yearly in the United States.

Ventral rectopexy

Ventral rectopexy is a surgical procedure for rectal prolapse that suspends the rectum with a mesh fixed to the sacral promontory, avoiding posterior dissection to protect pelvic nerves.

Ventricle (heart)

Ventricle (heart): the heart's two pumping chambers, the thick-walled left ventricle of the systemic circuit and the thin-walled right ventricle of the pulmonary circuit; differs from the atria, which only fill the ventricles.

Ventricular aneurysm

Ventricular aneurysm, including left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) and pseudoaneurysm, is a bulging of the heart ventricle wall after transmural myocardial infarction; treated mainly by surgical ventricular reconstruction, incidence fell to about 0.2% of acute MI in the reperfusion era.