25,729 articles
Volociximab
Volociximab (M200, Eos 200-4) is a chimeric IgG4 monoclonal antibody against α5β1 integrin, the fibronectin receptor; first α5β1 antagonist in clinical trials as an antiangiogenic cancer drug, later studied for AMD.
Volrustomig
Volrustomig (MEDI5752) is AstraZeneca's investigational IgG1 monovalent bispecific antibody targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 on tumor-infiltrating T cells, with PD-1 internalization and degradation; phase I ORR 19.8%, eVOLVE-Lung02 discontinued 2026.
Voltage mapping
Voltage mapping is a cardiac electrophysiology technique in which a roving catheter records electrogram voltages across a heart chamber to identify scar and guide ablation.
Volume expander
Volume expander: intravenous crystalloid or colloid fluids (albumin, gelatin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch) used to restore intravascular volume in hypovolemia and shock; colloids expand more per liter but HES is now EU-suspended and FDA-boxed-warned.
Volume of distribution
Volume of distribution (Vd), apparent volume of distribution, Vd(area) and Vd(ss): pharmacokinetic ratio of drug amount in body to plasma concentration; determines loading dose and half-life; altered by protein binding, lipophilicity, obesity, kidney disease, pregnancy.
Volumetric laser endomicroscopy
Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) is a balloon-based endoscopic imaging method that uses optical coherence tomography to produce wide-field images of the esophageal wall, mainly to detect dysplasia and Barrett's esophagus.
Voluntary childlessness
Voluntary childlessness, also called being childfree, is the deliberate choice not to have children despite biological capacity. Traced to the 1972 National Organization for Non-Parents, it has risen with education and contraception, reaching 9-10% of younger Norwegian cohorts.
Voluntary counseling and testing
Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is a client-initiated HIV service in which a person chooses, after confidential pre-test counseling, whether to be tested, then receives the result with post-test counseling.
Voluntary Hospitals
Voluntary hospitals are private, not-for-profit, self-governing hospitals that historically dominated UK acute care. They were nationalized by the NHS in 1948, remaining 58% of US community hospitals.
Volvulus
Volvulus, from Latin volvere (to twist), is twisting of bowel on its mesentery causing obstruction; sigmoid volvulus is most common, treated by endoscopic detorsion then colectomy, with 45–71% recurrence without resection.
Volvulus of small intestine
Volvulus of small intestine (ICD-11 DA91.1): twisting of small bowel around its mesentery causing obstruction and strangulation risk. Rare in the West (1% of US bowel obstructions), a leading cause in Ethiopia; treated by detorsion or resection.
Vomer flap surgery
Vomer flap surgery uses mucoperiosteum from the vomer (nasal septum bone) to reconstruct the hard palate's nasal layer in cleft palate repair; variants include cephalically based, caudally based, and open-book flaps, with about 3% oronasal fistula rates.
Vomiting
Vomiting (emesis): forceful expulsion of gastric contents via a medullary reflex involving the vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone. Covers causes, antiemetics, CVS, cannabinoid hyperemesis, complications, and red flags.
Vomiting in newborn
Vomiting in newborn is a pediatric condition in which a newborn forcefully ejects stomach contents through the mouth and sometimes the nose; projectile or bilious vomiting are red flags.
Von Hippel–Lindau disease
Von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL), an autosomal-dominant VHL tumor-suppressor gene cancer syndrome causing hemangioblastomas, renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and pancreatic tumors; treated with surveillance and the HIF-2α inhibitor belzutifan.
Von Restorff effect
Von Restorff effect, also called the isolation effect: superior memory for an item that stands out from a homogeneous list, first demonstrated by Hedwig von Restorff in 1933 in Psychologische Forschung and explained today by distinctive processing and retrieval cue efficacy accounts.
VON VLBW study
The VON VLBW study is the Vermont Oxford Network's observational registry collecting standardized data on very low birth weight infants at neonatal intensive care units worldwide since 1990.
Von Voss-Cherstvoy syndrome
Von Voss-Cherstvoy syndrome, also called DK phocomelia syndrome (OMIM 223340), is an ultra-rare multiple congenital anomaly disorder with upper limb phocomelia, occipital encephalocele, urogenital malformations, and thrombocytopenia; fewer than 15 cases reported.
Von Willebrand disease
Von Willebrand disease (VWD), first described by Erik von Willebrand in 1926, is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, caused by deficient or defective von Willebrand factor; types 1, 2 (2A/2B/2M/2N), and 3; diagnosed by VWF tests; treated with desmopressin and VWF concentrates.
Von Willebrand factor
Von Willebrand factor (VWF), gene on chromosome 12, is a large multimeric blood-clotting protein made in endothelial cells that mediates platelet adhesion, carries factor VIII, is cleaved by ADAMTS13, and whose deficiency causes von Willebrand disease.
Vonapanitase
Vonapanitase (PRT-201), recombinant human type I pancreatic elastase, an investigational drug applied topically during radiocephalic fistula creation for hemodialysis access; both Phase 3 PATENCY trials missed primary endpoints and development was discontinued in 2019.
Vonicog alfa
Vonicog alfa, sold as Vonvendi and Veyvondi, is a recombinant von Willebrand factor made by Takeda for von Willebrand disease; FDA-approved in 2018, it was the first recombinant VWF product.
Vonoprazan
Vonoprazan (TAK-438; Takecab, Voquezna) is a potassium-competitive acid blocker inhibiting gastric H+/K+-ATPase reversibly; approved in Japan 2014 and the US 2022 for GERD, erosive esophagitis, and H. pylori regimens.
Vorapaxar
Vorapaxar (Zontivity, SCH 530348) is a first-in-class oral PAR-1 thrombin receptor antagonist antiplatelet drug, FDA approved in 2014 to reduce thrombotic cardiovascular events after MI or PAD, with a 173-269 h half-life and bleeding risk.
Vorasidenib
Vorasidenib (Voranigo) is Servier's oral brain-penetrant dual IDH1/IDH2 inhibitor, FDA approved August 2024 for postoperative grade 2 IDH-mutant astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma, based on the INDIGO trial.
Voretigene neparvovec
Voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna) is an AAV2-based gene therapy delivering the human RPE65 gene for biallelic RPE65 mutation-associated retinal dystrophy; FDA-approved December 19, 2017, EU-approved November 22, 2018, given by subretinal injection.
Vorolanib
Vorolanib (伏罗尼布, CM082, X-82) is an oral VEGFR/PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor derived from sunitinib; approved in China (2023) with everolimus for advanced renal cell carcinoma and developed as Duravyu (EYP-1901) for wet AMD.
Vortioxetine
Vortioxetine (Trintellix, Brintellix) is a multimodal antidepressant approved by the FDA in 2013 for major depressive disorder in adults, combining SERT inhibition with 5-HT1A/1B/3/7/1D receptor modulation and studied for cognitive effects.
Vortosiran
RBD4059 (vortosiran) is a GalNAc-conjugated siRNA from Suzhou Ribo Life Science that silences hepatic coagulation factor XI; first-in-human trials showed durable >90% FXI suppression with 3-6 month dosing.
Vosaroxin
Vosaroxin (voreloxin, SNS-595), a first-in-class anticancer quinolone topoisomerase II poison, was developed for relapsed/refractory AML; the VALOR phase 3 trial improved remission rates but the drug was never approved.