727 articles
Lichenicolous fungus
Lichenicolous fungi are specialized fungi living obligately on lichens as parasites, commensals, or saprobes; the 2025 checklist recognizes 2,795 taxa in 454 genera across 15 fungal classes, distinct from lichen-forming mycobionts.
Lichenology
Lichenology is the branch of botany and mycology that studies lichens, symbioses between a fungus and algae or cyanobacteria, including their ecology and use in monitoring air pollution.
Lichenometry
Lichenometry, introduced by Beschel in 1950, dates rock surfaces from the size of slow-growing crustose lichens, mainly Rhizocarpon, using calibrated growth curves; used for moraines, archaeology, and hazards, but criticized for reliability.
Lichenomphalia
Lichenomphalia (Botrydina, Phytoconis) is a lichenized agaric genus in Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales; small omphalinoid mushrooms arise from a green Coccomyxa algal thallus, making it one of the rare basidiolichens.
Lichenopeltella
Lichenopeltella Höhn. 1919 is a genus of Microthyriaceae fungi (Dothideomycetes) mostly parasitic on lichens, type species L. maculans, with hyaline two-celled spores and a Pliocene fossil record.
Lichenostigma
Lichenostigma (Hafellner 1983) is a genus of about 35 lichenicolous fungi in Lichenostigmatales, Arthoniomycetes, type L. maureri, with black stromatic ascomata and two subgenera, not related to Lichenothelia.
Lichenostigmatales
Lichenostigmatales is an order of Arthoniomycetes fungi, sister to Arthoniales, with one family Phaeococcomycetaceae and genera Lichenostigma, Phaeococcomyces, Etayoa, and Antarctolichenia; budding black yeasts, lichenicolous and rock-inhabiting species.
Lichens of Africa
Lichens of Africa are the lichenised fungi occurring on the African continent and adjacent islands, best known from South Africa's 1750 recorded taxa and the Namib's fog-dependent lichens.
Lichens of Antarctica
Lichens of Antarctica are symbiotic organisms combining a fungus with an algal or cyanobacterial partner, and the most species-rich component of Antarctic vegetation, with over 400 described species, about half endemic.
Lichens of Australia and New Zealand
The lichens of Australia and New Zealand are the lichenised fungi of the Australasian realm, including over 4000 Australian taxa and an estimated 1600 or more in New Zealand.
Lichens of Europe
The lichens of Europe form a diverse flora spanning Mediterranean to arctic climates, with 21.6% of assessed species endemic to Europe and 13% threatened in the EU.
Lichens of Hawaii
The lichens of Hawaii are the lichenized fungi of the Hawaiian Islands, with roughly 890 documented species, the largest known lichen flora of any Pacific island group.
Lichens of India
Lichens of India are the symbiotic fungi-algae organisms growing on India's trees, rocks, and soils, over 2,900 known species, richest in the Eastern Himalaya and Western Ghats.
Lichens of North America
The lichens of North America are the lichenized fungi of Canada, the United States, and Mexico, with 6,097 accepted species in the continental US and Canada as of 2026.
Lichens of South America
Lichens of South America are the symbiotic lichens found across the continent, from Amazonia to Patagonia; Brazil's national checklist of 4,828 taxa is a country-level world record.
Lichens of the Galápagos Islands
The lichens of the Galápagos Islands are a flora of about 633 accepted taxa, including 45 endemics, assembled on volcanic islands only 35,000 to 4 million years old.
Lichens of the Pacific islands
Lichens of the Pacific islands are the lichenised fungi recorded across Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, with 2422 accepted taxa in 291 genera listed by 2008.
Lingzhi (fungus) in Chinese culture
Lingzhi (灵芝) is a Ganoderma fungus revered in Chinese culture since the Han dynasty as a divine medicine of immortality, an auspicious omen, and the model for the ruyi scepter.
Lingzhi (mushroom)
Lingzhi, known in Japan as reishi and scientifically as Ganoderma lingzhi, is a shiny reddish-brown East Asian mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years.
List of bioluminescent fungus species
Bioluminescent fungus species list: 122 reported glowing Agaricales across five lineages (Armillaria, Eoscyphella, Lucentipes, Mycenoid, Omphalotus), dominated by Mycena with about 68 of 81 species known in 2020; counts grew from 64 in 2008 to 122 by 2024.
List of Cortinarius species
Cortinarius species list: the largest Agaricales fungal genus, thousands of ectomycorrhizal species; Species Fungorum lists 4,707 records; 2022 ten-genus split disputed by a 2024 phylogenomic reanalysis.
List of fungal orders
The list of fungal orders inventories order-rank taxa in kingdom Fungi, whose count varies by classification, from 46 orders in a 2022 outline to over 200.
List of Lepiota species
Lepiota species list: scaly agaric genus in Agaricaceae, Persoon 1797, with Species Fungorum accepted names, synonyms moved to Echinoderma and Leucocoprinus, and lethal amanitin-containing species like L. subincarnata.
List of Leucoagaricus species
Leucoagaricus (Leucoagaricus/Leucocoprinus) is an Agaricaceae mushroom genus with about 135 species, 347 Species Fungorum records, six sections, and disputed status after Redhead's 2023 merger with Leucocoprinus.
List of North American boletes
List of North American boletes: catalogs of the roughly 300 fleshy pored mushroom species of North America, their oak and pine hosts, key monographs by Murrill, Both, and Bessette, and molecular reclassification.
List of psilocybin mushroom species
Psilocybin mushroom species list: over 200 psilocybin/psilocin-producing species across Psilocybe, Panaeolus, Pluteus, Gymnopilus, Conocybe, Inocybe, and Stropharia, with counts, key species, lookalike hazards, and why lists change.
Lisuride
Lisuride is a synthetic ergoline derivative and dopamine receptor agonist used as an antiparkinson drug, prolactin-lowering agent, and migraine preventive in Europe, though not FDA-approved in the United States.
Litmus
Litmus is a lichen-derived dye (Roccellaceae, orchil-related) used as an acid-base indicator: red in acid, blue in alkali, changing over about pH 5.0-8.0, made into litmus test paper since Robert Boyle's 17th-century work.
Lobaria pulmonaria
Lobaria pulmonaria, tree lungwort or lung lichen, is a tripartite foliose lichen (fungus, Dictyochloropsis reticulata, Nostoc) of humid old-growth forests. Secure in North America (G5) but declining in Europe; a bioindicator of clean air and old forest.
Loma
Loma (Morrison & Sprague, 1981) is a genus of fish-infecting microsporidian fungi (Glugeidae) that form xenomas; L. salmonae causes microsporidial gill disease in farmed salmon, L. morhua infects Atlantic cod.