727 articles
Hygrophoraceae
Hygrophoraceae, the waxcap and woodwax family (Hygrocybe, Hygrophorus), is an early-diverging Agaricales family of 600-plus mostly biotrophic species, revised phylogenetically in 2014 and split into five families by 2024.
Hymenochaetaceae
Hymenochaetaceae (Donk, 1948) is the largest family of the Hymenochaetales, wood-inhabiting white-rot basidiomycete fungi including Phellinus, Inonotus, Fomitiporia, and Hymenochaete, with 44 genera and 973 species.
Hymenochaetales
Hymenochaetales (Hymenochaete-type order, hymenochaetoid clade) is an Agaricomycetes order of mostly white-rot wood fungi, including pathogens Onnia and Porodaedalea and medicinal Sanghuangporus; ~1,200-1,651 species, likely originating in temperate Asia.
Hypha
Hypha (plural hyphae): the tubular filament that is the structural unit of fungi, growing by apical tip growth via the Spitzenkörper, branching to form mycelium; distinct from pseudohyphae and yeast forms.
Hypocrea
Hypocrea Fr. (1825), type genus of Hypocreaceae, is the sexual teleomorph genus of Trichoderma molds, typified by H. rufa; since the 2011 one-fungus-one-name rules Trichoderma (1794) is the accepted name.
Hypocreales
Hypocreales (Lindau, 1897) is an order of Sordariomycetes fungi in Ascomycota, parasitic on plants, insects, or fungi, or saprotrophic; includes Beauveria, Cordyceps, Fusarium, and Trichoderma, spanning plant pathogens, biocontrol agents, antibiotics, and mycotoxins.
Hypomyces lactifluorum
Hypomyces lactifluorum, the lobster mushroom fungus, is a parasitic Hypocreaceae ascomycete that infects Russula and Lactarius hosts, especially Russula brevipes, turning them into orange, deformed, choice-edible lobster mushrooms sold across North America.
Industrial products of Aspergillus and Penicillium
Aspergillus and Penicillium molds are industrial microorganisms whose fermentation turns cheap sugars into citric acid, industrial enzymes, and fermented foods; Aspergillus niger supplies 99% of industrially made citric acid.
Inocybaceae
Inocybaceae, the fibrous-capped brown mushrooms (Inocybe and allies), a cosmopolitan ectomycorrhizal family of Agaricales with seven genera, c. 700–1,050 species, and muscarine or psilocybin toxins.
Inocybe
Inocybe, fiber caps, is the largest genus of ectomycorrhizal Agaricales fungi in Inocybaceae, about 1,000 species worldwide, brown-spored with fibrillose caps, many species muscarine-toxic.
Inonotus
Inonotus (P. Karst., 1879) is a genus of white-rot polypore bracket fungi in Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales; traditionally defined by a monomitic hyphal system, now narrowed after molecular studies split it into segregate genera; includes chaga (I. obliquus) and I. hispidus.
Inonotus obliquus
Inonotus obliquus, chaga (чага), cinder conk, is a Hymenochaetaceae parasitic fungus causing white heart rot on birch across the boreal Northern Hemisphere; its sterile black conks are a folk remedy with only two old clinical studies.
Inositolphosphorylceramide synthase subunit Kei1
Kei1 (Kei1p, KEI1/YDR367W) is the essential 221-residue regulatory subunit of yeast inositolphosphorylceramide synthase, complexed with catalytic Aur1; required for enzyme activity, Golgi localization, and aureobasidin A sensitivity.
International Association for Lichenology
The International Association for Lichenology (IAL), inaugurated in 1967, promotes research, education, and contact among lichenologists worldwide, publishing the International Lichenological Newsletter and awarding the Acharius Medal.
Intestinal microsporidiosis
Intestinal microsporidiosis is an opportunistic gastrointestinal infection caused chiefly by the parasites Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis, producing chronic watery diarrhea and wasting, mainly in people with HIV/AIDS.
Isolichenan
Isolichenan (isolichenin) is a cold-water soluble lichen α-glucan with mixed (1→3),(1→4)-α-D-glucose linkages, the α-anomeric counterpart of β-linked lichenan; found in Cetraria islandica and other lichens, used as an iodine-reaction taxonomic marker.
Jelly fungi of East Asia
The jelly fungi of East Asia are gelatinous wood-decay mushrooms, chiefly Auricularia wood ears and Tremella; China's wood ear output reached almost 8 million tons in 2024.
Jelly fungi of North America
The jelly fungi of North America are gelatin-textured basidiomycetes in the orders Auriculariales and Tremellales, including wood ears and toothed jellies, documented through regional floras and checklists.
Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
Kennett Square, Pennsylvania: Chester County borough of about 6,000, the Mushroom Capital of the World, where surrounding farms grow over 60% of U.S. mushrooms since William Swayne's 1880s greenhouse experiment.
Killer yeast
Killer yeast: yeast strains, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that secrete virally encoded protein toxins lethal to sensitive yeasts while immune to their own; used in wine, biocontrol, and diagnostics.
Kluyveromyces
Kluyveromyces is a genus of six ascomycetous budding yeasts (Van der Walt, 1956), best known for K. lactis and K. marxianus, lactose-assimilating, GRAS/QPS food-grade yeasts used for enzymes, whey bioethanol, and aroma production.
Kōji (food)
Kōji (麹) is steamed grain cultured with Aspergillus oryzae mold, the enzyme starter behind sake, miso, soy sauce, mirin, and shio koji; incubated about 40–48 hours at 40–45 °C and named Japan's national fungi in 2006.
Kojic acid
Kojic acid (5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one) is a fungal metabolite from Aspergillus fermentation, discovered 1907 in Japan, used as a tyrosinase-inhibiting skin-lightening cosmetic ingredient, EU-safe up to 1%, and as a food antioxidant.
Laccaria
Laccaria (Berk. & Broome 1883) is a genus of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms in Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales, with about 110 species worldwide; Laccaria bicolor is a model symbiosis fungus with Populus.
Lactarius deliciosus
Lactarius deliciosus, the saffron milkcap (Agaricus deliciosus basionym), is an orange edible ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae mushroom under pines, with carrot-colored latex turning wine red and green bruising; the name is misapplied in North America.
Lactarius fallax
Lactarius fallax, the velvety milk cap (A.H. Sm. & Hesler, 1962), is a Russulaceae milk-cap fungus with a dark velvety umbo cap and white latex, found in conifer forests from northern California to Alaska; genetics suggest two cryptic species.
Lactarius fuliginosus
Lactarius fuliginosus, the sooty milkcap (Donkere fluweelmelkzwam), is a dark-capped Plinthogalus milkcap with white latex turning pink, ectomycorrhizal with oak and beech, rare and Red-Listed in the Netherlands, and taxonomically confused with L. azonites and L. picinus.
Lactarius indigo
Lactarius indigo, the indigo milk cap or blue milk mushroom, is a blue Russulaceae fungus of oak-pine woods in the Americas and Asia that bleeds indigo latex turning green, is edible, and yielded a synthesized azulene blue food colorant.
Lactarius quietus
Lactarius quietus, the Oak Milkcap (oakbug milkcap, eikeriske, ekriska), is an oak-associated ectomycorrhizal milkcap in Russulaceae with a zoned cinnamon cap, white acrid latex, IUCN Least Concern status, and a 116 Mb genome.
Lactarius torminosus
Lactarius torminosus, the woolly milkcap (lactaire toisonné), is a toxic birch-associated Russulaceae mushroom with a pink zoned cap, woolly margin, and white acrid latex, eaten only after thermal treatment in Russia.