362 articles
Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki (Oriental, Japanese, or Chinese persimmon; kaki; Sharon fruit) is a hexaploid Ebenaceae tree native to China, cultivated over 2,000 years, with PCNA non-astringent cultivars like Fuyu and astringent ones like Hachiya.
Dragon's Breath (chili pepper)
Dragon's Breath is a British-bred Capsicum chinense chili cultivar unveiled at the 2017 Chelsea Flower Show with an unverified 2.48 million SHU heat claim, never recognized by Guinness; later tests measured far lower values.
Drosera cultivars and hybrids
Drosera cultivars and hybrids are named sundew plants: cultivars are registered with the International Carnivorous Plant Society, and hybrids like Drosera × obovata carry botanical names.
Dwarf coconut
Dwarf coconut (Cocos nucifera var. nana), short self-pollinating coconut palm cultivars from Southeast Asia; 5–9 m tall, bears in 3–5 years, poor copra but used in D×T hybrids and tender coconut water.
Edamame (枝豆)
Edamame (枝豆, maodou) is immature vegetable soybean harvested at R6-R7 when beans fill 80-90% of the pod; boiled and salted, rich in protein, with a 7-10 day harvest window and 3-10 hour postharvest sugar decline.
Egusi
Egusi: West African name for seed crops of several cucurbits, chiefly Citrullus mucosospermus (egusi melon) and Cucumeropsis mannii, whose oil- and protein-rich seeds thicken egusi soup; Nigeria is the top producer.
F1 hybrid
F1 hybrid: first-generation seed from crossing two uniform inbred parent lines, showing heterosis (hybrid vigour), 15-20% yield edge over open-pollinated varieties, non-uniform F2 offspring, and dominant in maize and vegetable seed markets.
Fenhua Yangtijia
粉花羊蹄甲 (Bauhinia variegata var. candida), also called 白花宫粉羊蹄甲 or 大白花, is the white-flowered variety of the orchid tree B. variegata, a 5–8 m legume tree blooming March–May, cultivated in South China and Southeast Asia and eaten as a wild flower vegetable in Yunnan.
Fig cultivars
Fig cultivars are named, propagated selections of Ficus carica, divided by pollination need into caprifig, Smyrna, San Pedro, and common types, with Condit recording 720 varieties in 1955.
Fragaria
Fragaria, the strawberry genus (Rosaceae), 24 accepted species from diploid to decaploid on x=7; Fragaria × ananassa, the octoploid garden strawberry, is a hybrid of F. virginiana and F. chiloensis from the Americas.
Fuji (apple)
Fuji (ふじ) apple, a Japanese cultivar from a 1939 Ralls Janet × Delicious cross, registered 1962; the world's most-produced apple, sweet, crisp, and storable up to 8 months in controlled atmosphere.
Gala (apple)
Gala is a New Zealand apple cultivar from the 1930s, a Kidd's Orange Red × Golden Delicious cross by J.H. Kidd; sweet, crisp, medium-sized, and the top US apple variety at about 16% of production.
Garcinia gummi-gutta
Garcinia gummi-gutta, also sold as garcinia cambogia or Malabar tamarind, is a tropical evergreen tree of the Western Ghats whose sour fruit rind flavors fish curries.
Garden cress
Garden cress (Lepidium sativum), also called common cress or pepper cress, is a fast-growing annual Brassicaceae salad herb of the "mustard and cress" mix, with protein- and fat-rich seeds used as a functional food ingredient.
Garden roses
Garden roses: ornamental Rosa hybrids and cultivars, over 30,000 varieties, split into old garden roses (pre-1867, before 'La France', the first hybrid tea) and modern classes such as hybrid tea, floribunda, and grandiflora.
Gardening
Gardening: small-scale cultivation of plants for food, ornament, or livelihood, in home, market, and community gardens. Key facts: ancient origins, Kew founded 1759, RHS founded 1804, right plant right place principle, water-wise climate adaptation.
Gazania cultivars
Gazania cultivars are named ornamental selections of the South African daisy genus Gazania, sold as F1 seed series like Kiss and New Day and valued for drought tolerance.
George Harrison Shull
George Harrison Shull (1874–1954), American botanist at Cold Spring Harbor and Princeton, whose 1905–1909 maize experiments founded hybrid corn breeding and the term heterosis.
Gladiolus 'Priscilla'
Gladiolus 'Priscilla' is a Dutch-bred large-flowered gladiolus cultivar (K & K Gootjes, NL rights 1994) with pink-edged, yellow-centered florets, widely grown as a cut flower and garden plant and a frequent benchmark in cultivar trials.
Glass Gem Corn
Glass Gem corn: modern open-pollinated flint/popcorn maize bred by Carl Barnes in Oklahoma from Pawnee and Osage corns; named by Greg Schoen, spread via Native Seeds/SEARCH, famous for translucent rainbow kernels after a 2012 viral photo.
Goji
Goji (枸杞, Gouqi Zi), the berry of Lycium barbarum and L. chinense (Solanaceae), is a Chinese medicinal and functional food; ~90% of commercial goji is L. barbarum, rich in polysaccharides and zeaxanthin.
Golden Delicious
Golden Delicious is a yellow apple cultivar from a chance seedling found in Clay County, West Virginia, bought and named by Stark Bro's in 1914; unrelated to Red Delicious, it is the EU's largest apple variety and parent of Gala, Jonagold, and Pink Lady.
Gongura
Gongura (puntikura, pulichakeerai, sougri) is the sour leaf of Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), also attributed to H. sabdariffa (roselle), a leafy green of Andhra, Telangana and northeastern India; top-ranked for iron (7.65–9.56 mg/100 g), base of gongura pachadi.
Gooseberry
Gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa), a thorny Ribes shrub of Eurasia and North Africa grown for tart green, red, white, or yellow berries; cultivated in England since 1276, famous for 19th-century gooseberry clubs and the American mildew collapse.
Gourd
Gourd: hard-shelled Cucurbitaceae fruits, mainly Cucurbita and Lagenaria (bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria). Among the oldest domesticated plants, used as containers, utensils, instruments; bitter fruits contain toxic cucurbitacins.
Graft-chimaera
Graft-chimaera: a plant with genetically distinct tissues from two graft partners, also called graft chimera. Adam's laburnum (+Laburnocytisus adami, 1825) is the classic example; Winkler produced the first artificial ones in 1907.
Granny Smith
Granny Smith: bright-green, tart apple cultivar from an 1868 chance seedling found by Maria Ann Smith at Ryde, Sydney; late-maturing, high-acid, long-storing, prone to scald, a top US and EU variety.
Grapefruit
Grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi), a pummelo-sweet orange hybrid first described in Barbados in 1750, is a subtropical citrus whose juice blocks intestinal CYP3A4 and interacts with many oral medications; global production is about 7 million tons.
Green bean
Green bean (snap bean, string bean, haricot vert) is the immature pod of Phaseolus vulgaris, a crop domesticated twice in the Americas. Bush, pole, and half-runner types; 45-60 day harvest; 31 kcal/100 g; lectins destroyed by boiling.
Greengage
Greengage: a small, round, greenish-yellow sweet plum of Prunus domestica, also called Reine Claude after Queen Claude of France; named in English after Sir William Gage, who imported trees from France around 1725.