326 articles
Filmy ferns of the British Isles
The filmy ferns of the British Isles are three Hymenophyllaceae species, Tunbridge filmy-fern, Wilson's filmy fern, and the Killarney fern, restricted to humid western localities.
Flora of Chile
The flora of Chile (Flora de Chile) is the roughly 4,655 native vascular plant species of Chile, about 40% endemic, shaped by isolation between the Atacama Desert, Andes, and Pacific.
Flora of China
Flora of China (《中国植物志》英文修订版), English revision of FRPS; 25 text volumes, 1994–2013, Missouri Botanical Garden and Science Press; catalogs 31,362 Chinese vascular plant species.
Forest understory ferns
Forest understory ferns are shade-adapted ferns forming a persistent ground layer beneath closed forest canopies, distinct from epiphytic ferns, and dense fern layers can suppress tree regeneration for decades.
Fossil and extinct isoetalean lycophytes
Fossil and extinct isoetalean lycophytes are the extinct relatives of quillworts, ranging from the latest Devonian to the Holocene and once including trees up to 50 m tall.
Fossil horsetails
Fossil horsetails are the preserved remains of the order Equisetales, jointed-stemmed plants known from the Devonian onward, whose extinct relatives included calamite trees up to 30 meters tall.
Frond
Frond: the leaf of a fern, a megaphyll with stipe, rachis, blade, pinnae, and pinnules; often pinnate to tripinnate, uncoiling from a fiddlehead, and bearing sori for spore reproduction.
Gametophytes and reproduction of filmy ferns
The gametophytes of filmy ferns are persistent, branching ribbons that clone themselves through gemmae, allowing colonies to persist indefinitely in constantly wet habitats without completing a life cycle.
Gleicheniaceae
Gleicheniaceae, the forking ferns (Chinese li bai ke, 里白科), is a pantropical leptosporangiate fern family of about 157 species in eight genera, defined by pseudodichotomous fronds, exindusiate sori, and a fossil record reaching the Palaeozoic.
Grammitidoideae
Grammitidoideae, formerly treated as the family Grammitidaceae, is a subfamily of Polypodiaceae of small mostly epiphytic ferns of tropical montane forests, with about 911 species in 33 genera.
Grammitis
Grammitis Sw. (1801) is a fern genus in Polypodiaceae, type species G. marginella; strict-sense Grammitis has black leaf margins and occurs in the Americas, Africa, and Western Indian Ocean islands, while broad-sense treatments list hundreds of species now split into new genera.
Gymnocarpium
Gymnocarpium, also known as the oak ferns, is a small genus of ferns with delicate triangular fronds, native to temperate forests across the Northern Hemisphere and northwestern Africa.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Gymnocarpium dryopteris, oak fern or northern oak fern, is a small circumboreal deciduous fern with triangular, ternate fronds under 40 cm and naked round sori; an allotetraploid of G. appalachianum × G. disjunctum, indicator of cool moist forests.
Hardy garden ferns
Hardy garden ferns are fern species that survive frosts outdoors without protection, returning each spring from crowns or rhizomes; most prefer shade and moist, humus-rich soil.
Heterospory
Heterospory is the production of two kinds of spores by the sporophytes of land plants: male microspores and larger female megaspores. It first evolved in the Devonian period.
Heterospory in ferns
Heterospory in ferns: production of microspores and megaspores with separate male and female gametophytes, found only in the water fern order Salviniales (Marsileaceae, Salviniaceae), evolved independently of lycophyte and seed plant heterospory.
Histiopteris incisa
Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J.Sm., the bat's wing fern or water fern (mātā), is a widespread Dennstaedtiaceae fern of the tropics and subtropics, with 1–2 m pale green fronds, marginal continuous sori, and Least Concern to Critically Endangered regional statuses.
Huoshaohua
火烧花 (Mayodendron igneum), also 缅木, is a Bignoniaceae evergreen tree from southern China and Indochina; its orange-yellow flowers bloom on the old trunk (cauliflory) and are eaten as a Xishuangbanna vegetable. Distinct from Spathodea campanulata, which shares the name.
Huperzia
Huperzia (firmoss) is a genus of terrestrial clubmosses in Lycopodiaceae, named for Johann Peter Huperz; reproduces by gemmae, lacks strobili, and is the source of the Alzheimer's drug huperzine A.
Huperzine A
Huperzine A, a Lycopodium alkaloid from Huperzia serrata (Qian Ceng Ta), is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor studied for Alzheimer's disease; sold as a US supplement, a drug in China, with insufficient clinical evidence.
Hymenophyllaceae
Hymenophyllaceae, the filmy ferns, are a fern family of roughly 430 to more than 600 species, mostly tropical, whose fronds are only a single cell thick between the veins.
Hymenophyllales
Hymenophyllales, the filmy ferns, is an order of leptosporangiate ferns with the single family Hymenophyllaceae; fronds one or few cells thick, no stomata, over 600 species, mostly tropical rainforest epiphytes.
Hymenophyllum
Hymenophyllum, the filmy fern genus of Hymenophyllaceae, has 316 accepted species with one-cell-thick, stomata-free fronds, bivalved sori, cosmopolitan humid-forest range, and poikilohydric desiccation tolerance.
Hymenophyllum australe
Hymenophyllum australe (Austral filmy fern), formerly H. atrovirens in New Zealand, is a Hymenophyllaceae fern native to SE Australia, New Zealand, and Vanuatu, growing on rocks near streams or as an epiphyte in wet montane forests; fronds 6–20 cm, n=36.
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, Tunbridge filmy fern, a filmy fern of Hymenophyllaceae with toothed-indusium spore cases, bluish-green 2-10 cm fronds, disjunct Europe-Africa-Tristan da Cunha range, and sharp southeastern England decline.
Hypolepis
Hypolepis, known as beadfern or bramble fern, is a genus of coarse terrestrial ferns in Dennstaedtiaceae, recognized by long-creeping rhizomes, prickly scrambling fronds, and round sori at the frond margin.
Indo-Pacific and Australasian Cyathea species
Indo-Pacific and Australasian Cyathea species are scaly tree ferns of the genus Cyathea, now mostly reassigned to other genera, ranging from New Guinea and Queensland across the Pacific.
Infrageneric classification of Alsophila
Infrageneric classification of Alsophila, a scaly tree fern genus (Cyatheaceae) named by Robert Brown in 1810; covers Tryon's eight genera, Korall's four clades, and the Gymnosphaera split.
Isoetes
Isoetes (quillworts) is a cosmopolitan genus of heterosporous lycophytes with at least 200 species, centered in South America, showing reticulate evolution via hybridization and polyploidy from base number x=11.
Isoetes capensis
Isoetes capensis (Cape quillwort) is an endangered quillwort endemic to South Africa's Western Cape, growing in seasonally flooded granite and shale pools from Darling to Stellenbosch; phylogenetically it is a deeply divergent sister within Isoetes clade A.