326 articles
Isoetes engelmannii
Isoetes engelmannii, Engelmann's or Appalachian quillwort, is a diploid (2n=22) aquatic lycophyte of eastern North America, the most widespread eastern quillwort, head of a 30-taxon hybrid complex, and endangered in Canada at two Ontario river sites.
Isoetes lacustris
Isoetes lacustris (lake quillwort) is a submerged, decaploid (2n=110) lycophyte of cold, oligotrophic, slightly acidic softwater lakes across Greenland, Europe, and western Siberia, distinguished from I. echinospora by ridged megaspores and greater acidification sensitivity.
Isoetes louisianensis
Isoetes louisianensis (Louisiana quillwort) is an endangered tetraploid quillwort of blackwater streams in southeastern Louisiana and southern Mississippi, described in 1973, with cristate megaspores 500-625 um and probable I. engelmannii parentage.
Isoetes sinensis (中华水韭)
Isoetes sinensis (中华水韭), the Chinese water quillwort, is a critically endangered tetraploid aquatic lycophyte of the Yangtze region, a tier I protected species in China, with a published 2.13 Gb genome and CAM photosynthesis.
Isoetes tegetiformans
Isoetes tegetiformans (mat-forming quillwort, Merlin's-grass), a mat-forming lycophyte described by Rury in 1978, endemic to vernal pools on granite outcrops in the Georgia Piedmont; federally and state listed Endangered, G1/S1, about 15 known populations.
King fern
The king fern (Ptisana salicina, Māori: para) is a giant fern of northern New Zealand with fronds up to 5 m long from a starchy rhizome.
Lepidodendron
Lepidodendron, commonly called the scale tree, is an extinct genus of tree-sized lycophytes related to club mosses that dominated the Carboniferous coal swamps about 360 to 300 million years ago.
Leptochilus (plant)
Leptochilus (Java fern genus, incl. Colysis, Paraleptochilus) is an Old World Polypodiaceae fern genus of about 50 species in tropical-subtropical Asia and Pacific islands; monophyletic, six clades, type L. axillaris.
Leptochilus pteropus
Leptochilus pteropus, the Java fern (有翅星蕨), is an aquatic Polypodiaceae fern from the Himalayas to New Guinea, formerly Microsorum pteropus, with dark green simple leaves and worldwide aquarium cultivation.
Leptosporangiate fern
Leptosporangiate ferns (Polypodiopsida) are ferns whose sporangia develop from a single cell with a one-layer wall and spore-flinging annulus; about 10,323 species in 44 families, homosporous except Salviniales, with a Cenozoic radiation.
Leptosporangium development
Leptosporangium development is the mode defining leptosporangiate ferns: a single superficial cell forms a stalked, one-cell-thick capsule with few spores and an annulus that flings them out.
List of common trees and shrubs of Sri Lanka
List of common trees and shrubs of Sri Lanka: a 704-species, 95-family checklist based on Ashton et al.'s 1997 Field Guide, marking native (N) and introduced (I) species, with home-garden and rainforest tree data.
List of Southern African indigenous trees and woody lianes
List of Southern African Indigenous Trees, also the National list of indigenous trees (von Breitenbach) and Pocket List, a Dendrological Society checklist of native trees and woody lianes using stable tree numbers, updated via Dendron and the Tree Naming Committee.
Lycopodiaceae systematics and classification
Lycopodiaceae, the clubmoss and firmoss family, is an ancient family of vascular plants with about 400 species worldwide, now divided into three subfamilies and 17 genera.
Lycopodiales
Lycopodiales (clubmosses) is an order of homosporous vascular plants containing the single family Lycopodiaceae, with about 400 species on all continents except Antarctica, three subfamilies, a fossil record over 400 million years old, and spores historically used in flash photography.
Lycopodiella
Lycopodiella, the bog clubmosses, is a genus of terrestrial clubmosses named in 1964 by the Czech botanist Jiří Holub, with about 41 species most diverse in South America.
Lycopodiopsida
Lycopodiopsida (clubmosses, lycophytes) is a class of seedless vascular plants, sister to all other extant vascular plants, with three families: Lycopodiaceae, Isoëtaceae, and Selaginellaceae, descended from Devonian-Carboniferous dominants.
Lycopodium
Lycopodium (clubmoss) is a Linnaean 1753 genus of spore-bearing vascular plants in Lycopodiaceae, cosmopolitan, with 59 accepted species, hydrophobic flammable spores used in pyrotechnics and pharmacognosy, and 508 reported secondary metabolites.
Lycopodium clavatum
Lycopodium clavatum, stag's-horn or running clubmoss, is a widespread clubmoss of the temperate Northern Hemisphere and tropical mountains, slow-growing from spores, secure globally (G5) but seriously threatened in California (CNPS 4.1), used in traditional medicine and sporopollenin drug delivery research.
Lycopodium powder
Lycopodium powder, also called clubmoss spores or lycopodium spores (Lycopodium clavatum), is a yellow-tan flammable spore powder used in pyrotechnics, early flash photography, and as a reference dust in explosion testing; St 1 class, lower explosion limit 15 g/m³.
Lygodium
Lygodium, climbing ferns, genus of twining ferns in Schizaeaceae/Lygodiaceae with about 29-40 pantropical species; indeterminate rachises reach 30 m; L. japonicum and L. microphyllum are major Florida invaders.
Macrothelypteris torresiana
Macrothelypteris torresiana, Mariana maiden fern or Torres' fern, a terrestrial Thelypteridaceae fern native from the Indian Ocean through tropical Asia to the Pacific, naturalised in the Americas and Africa, with 94% spore germination and inter-gametophytic reproduction.
Marattiaceae
Marattiaceae, the only living family of the fern order Marattiales, six tropical eusporangiate genera (Angiopteris, Christensenia, Danaea, Eupodium, Marattia, Ptisana), sister to leptosporangiate ferns, with a rich fossil record including the extinct Psaroniaceae stem group.
Marsh ferns in gardens, as weeds and in conservation
Marsh ferns, the Thelypteridaceae family, are wetland ferns sold for gardens, invasive abroad as cultivated escapes such as Macrothelypteris torresiana, and conservation-dependent as wetlands shrink.
Marsilea
Marsilea (water clover, pepperwort) is a genus of about 49–65 aquatic ferns in Marsileaceae, order Salviniales, with four-leaflet clover-like leaves and hard sporocarps showing seed-like physical dormancy.
Marsilea minuta
Marsilea minuta L. (water clover, dwarf waterclover) is a small aquatic fern of Marsileaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical Old World, with four-lobed clover-like leaves, sporocarps showing physical dormancy, and uses as a potherb, medicine, and rice weed.
Marsileaceae
Marsileaceae is a family of rooted aquatic ferns, the water clovers and pillworts, comprising three genera and about 50 to 75 species in tropical and warmer temperate regions.
Marsileaceae fossil record and evolution
The Marsileaceae fossil record and evolution are known mainly from dispersed spores and a few whole-plant fossils, showing the family's extant lineages separated by the mid-Cretaceous.
Marsileaceae sporocarps
Marsileaceae sporocarps: hard bean-shaped reproductive bodies of the water-clover ferns Marsilea, Regnellidium, and Pilularia, enclosing sori with mega- and microsporangia, viable over a century, opening on wetting to release gelatinous sori.
Mating system
Mating system, in biology, the pattern of self-fertilization versus outcrossing in a population. Key in plants and ferns: Fisher's 50% selfing advantage, inbreeding depression, bimodal outcrossing rates, antheridiogen sex control.