Malpighiales

Salix babylonica

Salix babylonica, the weeping willow or Babylon weeping willow, is a Salicaceae tree native to northern and eastern China and Korea, named by Linnaeus in 1753, widely planted as an ornamental and invasive in parts of South Africa, Australia, and Florida.

Salix caprea

Salix caprea (goat willow, pussy willow), a dioecious Eurasian pioneer willow described by Linnaeus in 1753, flowering in early spring; introduced and naturalized in North America and assessed for weed risk in Australia.

Salix herbacea

Salix herbacea (dwarf willow, snowbed willow), a dioecious clonal dwarf willow of subarctic and subalpine Europe and North America, forming mats under 10 cm, common in snowbeds, sensitive to earlier snowmelt.

Salix nigra

Salix nigra (black willow, swamp willow) is the largest and only commercially important North American willow, a fast-growing, short-lived dioecious tree of eastern US, Canadian, and Mexican floodplains, IUCN Least Concern, widely used for streambank stabilization.

Salix purpurea

Salix purpurea (purple willow, purple osier) is a Eurasian and North African willow shrub, 1–6 m, with opposite narrow leaves and fused stamens, cultivated for basketry osiers and salicin-rich bark (4–8%), IUCN Least Concern, diploid 2n=38.

Salix viminalis

Salix viminalis (common osier, basket willow, 吐兰柳), a Linnaean 1753 willow of Salicaceae native from Central Europe to Siberia and Xinjiang, grown for basketry, bioenergy coppice hybrids, and phytoremediation of metals and organic pollutants.

Sapium

Sapium is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, with about 27 accepted species of monoecious trees and shrubs native to tropical and subtropical America.

Star gooseberry

Star gooseberry (Sauropus androgynus, katuk, sweet leaf; accepted name Breynia androgyna) is a Southeast Asian leafy shrub eaten as a nutritious vegetable but linked to bronchiolitis obliterans when raw juice is consumed excessively.

Tamarix gallica

Tamarix gallica (French tamarisk), Mediterranean-Sahara shrub or tree of Tamaricaceae with salt-excreting scale-like leaves; salt-tolerant and arsenic-tolerant halophyte, ornamental and windbreak, invasive in California and listed as a noxious weed.

Terminalia arjuna

Terminalia arjuna (arjuna, arjun tree), a Combretaceae tree native to the Indian subcontinent to Myanmar; its bark is an Ayurvedic cardiotonic studied in heart failure and angina trials.

Tibouchina

Tibouchina (glorytree) is a Neotropical Melastomataceae genus, native S. Mexico to S. Tropical America, with 38 accepted species after the 2019 split into Pleroma, Chaetogastra, and Andesanthus; bee-pollinated, with T. herbacea invasive in Hawaii.

Triadica

Triadica Lour. (Euphorbiaceae), a three-species Asian tree genus including Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera), source of vegetable tallow and stillingia oil and invasive in the southeastern United States.

Turnera

Turnera is a genus of about 120 to 145 flowering plants in the family Passifloraceae, native chiefly to tropical America and the source of the herb damiana.

Turnera diffusa

Turnera diffusa (damiana), a Passifloraceae shrub native from southern Texas to Brazil, is a traditional herbal tea plant reputed as an aphrodisiac, with flavonoid-rich leaves, licensed Canadian products, and German FSIAD therapy use.

Uapaca

Uapaca (sugar plum genus) is a Phyllanthaceae genus of dioecious African and Madagascan trees; U. kirkiana, the miombo sugar plum, is a prized edible-fruit and timber tree of southern Africa.

Uapaca guineensis

Uapaca guineensis (rikio, sugar plum) is a West and Central African Phyllanthaceae tree of wet tropical forests, used for local construction timber, raw edible fruit, and traditional medicine; IUCN least concern.

Viola (plant)

Viola (violets, violas, pansies), genus of Violaceae published by Linnaeus in 1753; 525-664 species worldwide, South American origin, mixed chasmogamous and cleistogamous reproduction, revised in 2022 into 2 subgenera and 31 sections.

Viola odorata

Viola odorata, sweet violet (banafša), a stoloniferous Violaceae perennial native from Europe to W. & N. Iran and NW. Africa; fragrant early-spring flowers, medicinal and perfumery uses, 2n=20, 34,902 annotated genes.

Viola tricolor

Viola tricolor (heartsease, wild pansy, Johnny-jump-up) is a European to SW Siberian and NW Iranian violet, Violaceae, 2n=26, ancestor of the garden pansy, used medicinally and as an edible flower.

Violaceae

Violaceae (violet family), Batsch 1802, a Malpighiales family of herbs, shrubs, and trees, mostly pantropical; largest genus Viola (violets, pansies) with about 700 accepted species; fruit a 3-valved capsule.

Willow

Willow (Salix, Salicaceae): about 450 dioecious, catkin-bearing tree and shrub species of northern temperate riparian zones, polyploid (2n=38-224), chemically rich in salicinoids, invasive in the Southern Hemisphere, and widely used for bioenergy, restoration, and phytoremediation.