881 articles
Elaeagnus
Elaeagnus (oleaster genus), family Elaeagnaceae, 93 accepted shrub/tree species with silvery scaled leaves, nitrogen-fixing Frankia nodules; includes invasive autumn olive and Russian olive and ornamental hybrids.
Elaeagnus angustifolia
Elaeagnus angustifolia, Russian olive or oleaster, a thorny deciduous Elaeagnaceae tree native from eastern Europe to temperate Asia; nitrogen-fixing, salt-tolerant, invasive in western North American riparian areas, and a traditional medicinal and food plant.
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpaceae Juss. (1816), a mainly tropical family of 12 genera and c. 600 species in Oxalidales; largest genera Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus (c. 350) and Sloanea (c. 150); includes former Tremandraceae; absent from continental Africa.
Elm
Ulmus (elms), genus of trees in Ulmaceae, Rosales, native to temperate Eurasia, North Africa, and the Americas; 37 accepted species; devastated by Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma) spread by bark beetles.
Emile S. Gardiner
Emile S. Gardiner is an American research forester with the U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station in Stoneville, Mississippi, known for work on oak regeneration and restoring bottomland hardwood forests on former farmland.
Endosperm
Endosperm: the triploid (2m:1p) nutritive seed tissue of flowering plants, formed by double fertilization of the central cell; site of genomic imprinting, source of cereal grain food, and sensitive to parental genome dosage.
Entada
Entada (Adans., 1763) is a pantropical legume genus (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) of lianas and trees, 40 species after Elephantorrhiza was merged in 2022, with metre-long pods, sea-heart drift seeds, and saponin-rich medicinal uses.
Entandrophragma
Entandrophragma (African mahogany genus, Meliaceae), proposed by Casimir de Candolle in 1894, comprises about 10-12 large timber tree species exclusively native to tropical and southern Africa, traded as sapelli, sipo, kosipo, and tiama.
Entandrophragma cylindricum
Entandrophragma cylindricum, sapele or sapelli, is an African Meliaceae timber tree from Sierra Leone to Uganda; about 1.3 million m³ of logs are harvested yearly and the species is IUCN Vulnerable.
Epilobium
Epilobium (willowherbs), genus of Onagraceae published by Linnaeus in 1753; about 190-192 accepted species of erect perennial herbs, cosmopolitan except Antarctica, formerly including fireweeds (Chamaenerion) and Zauschneria.
Epiphyte
Epiphyte: a plant that grows on another plant for support only, taking no nutrients or water from the host. Includes orchids, bromeliads, ferns, mosses, and lichens; about 10% of vascular plant species, threatened by climate change and deforestation.
Eriobotrya
Eriobotrya (loquat genus) is a Rosaceae genus of evergreen trees native from the Himalaya to Taiwan and western Malesia, with about 36 species; its type species Eriobotrya japonica is the loquat fruit tree, and its merger into Rhaphiolepis remains disputed.
Erodium cicutarium
Erodium cicutarium, common stork's-bill or redstem filaree (芹叶牻牛儿苗), a Geraniaceae annual/biennial herb native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa, naturalized worldwide, with stork-bill fruits, ballistic seed dispersal, and up to 9,900 seeds per plant.
Eruca sativa
Eruca sativa, known as arugula, rocket, or rucola, is an annual Mediterranean herb in the mustard family grown as a peppery salad vegetable and for Taramira oil in India.
Eruca vesicaria
Eruca vesicaria, also called garden rocket or arugula (Eruca sativa), is an annual Brassicaceae herb native to Spain, Morocco, and Algeria, grown for pungent salad leaves and taramira seed oil.
Erysimum cheiri
Erysimum cheiri, also Erysimum × cheiri or Cheiranthus cheiri, the wallflower or Aegean wallflower, a fragrant Brassicaceae subshrub native to Greece, naturalized widely, grown ornamentally and used for essential oils and folk medicine.
Erythrophleum
Erythrophleum (ordeal tree genus) is a genus of 12 toxic legume tree species in Fabaceae, native to Africa, Madagascar, Asia, and Australia, containing the heart-poisoning alkaloid erythrophleine.
Erythroxylum
Erythroxylum (coca genus) is a pantropical genus of about 200-270 trees and shrubs in Erythroxylaceae, Malpighiales; includes Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense, source of cocaine, with intrapetiolar stipules and 10 fused stamens.
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus (eucalypts) is a Myrtaceae genus of about 880 evergreen Australian tree and shrub species with operculate buds and woody capsules, including the 99.6 m Eucalyptus regnans, the world's most widely planted hardwood timber genus.
Eucalyptus bridgesiana
Eucalyptus bridgesiana, the apple box (apple gum), is an Australian Myrtaceae tree of the Great Dividing Range tablelands, glaucous juvenile leaves, seven-flowered umbels, IUCN Vulnerable A2c after 40.1% habitat decline, introduced to Hawaii.
Eucalyptus deglupta
Eucalyptus deglupta, the rainbow eucalyptus or Mindanao gum (bagras, kamarere), is a tropical Myrtaceae tree native to the Philippines, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea, known for peeling multicolored bark and grown for pulp and timber.
Eucalyptus diversicolor
Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor F.Muell., 1863) is Western Australia's tallest eucalypt, reaching about 90 m in high-rainfall south-west forests from Nannup to Denmark; a strong structural timber historically exported from Karridale.
Eucalyptus globulus
Eucalyptus globulus, known as the Tasmanian blue gum, is a tall evergreen tree native to Tasmania and Victoria, widely grown for timber and eucalyptus oil.
Eucalyptus grandis
Eucalyptus grandis, flooded gum or rose gum, is a fast-growing Australian Myrtaceae tree up to 60 m, among the most widely planted eucalypts for pulp, mainly in Brazil and South Africa, hybridizing readily with E. saligna.
Eucalyptus marginata
Eucalyptus marginata, jarrah, is a tall eucalypt endemic to south-west Western Australia, dominant in jarrah forest on lateritic soils, a durable termite-resistant red timber, IUCN Near Threatened, with commercial native logging ended in 2024.
Eucalyptus nitens
Eucalyptus nitens, known as shining gum or ribbon gum, is a fast-growing eucalypt tree native to southeastern Australia and a principal pulpwood plantation species of the southern hemisphere.
Eucalyptus oil
Eucalyptus oil, also called eucalyptol-rich essential oil, is steam-distilled from Eucalyptus globulus, polybractea, or smithii leaves, contains at least 70% 1,8-cineole, and is used for cough relief but is toxic if ingested.
Eucalyptus saligna
Eucalyptus saligna, Sydney blue gum or blue gum (柳叶桉), a fast-growing Myrtaceae tree to 50 m native to Queensland and New South Wales, widely planted for timber worldwide; IUCN Least Concern, invasive-risk species in Florida.
Eucalyptus tereticornis
Eucalyptus tereticornis, the forest red gum or blue gum, is a Myrtaceae tree to 50 m native from Victoria to Papua New Guinea (6–38°S), IUCN Least Concern, widely planted for timber, pulp, oil, and honey.
Eucalyptus urophylla
Eucalyptus urophylla, Timor white gum or Timor mountain gum (ampupu), an endangered Myrtaceae tree native to the Lesser Sunda Islands and Timor-Leste, widely planted for pulp and as the E. grandis hybrid parent.