881 articles
Eugenia uniflora
Eugenia uniflora L., the pitanga or Surinam cherry, is a Myrtaceae shrub or small tree native to E. and S. Brazil to S. South America, grown for ribbed edible fruit, invasive in south Florida, IUCN Least Concern.
Euphorbia
Euphorbia (spurges) is a cosmopolitan genus of Euphorbiaceae, one of the largest plant genera with roughly 1,200 to over 2,000 species, defined by milky toxic latex and the cyathium inflorescence, with four subgenera and wide medicinal use.
Euphorbia antisyphilitica
Euphorbia antisyphilitica, commonly known as candelilla, is a semisucculent shrub of the spurge family native to the southern United States and Mexico and the source of candelilla wax.
Euphorbia heterophylla
Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia, Mexican fireplant, milkweed) is an annual latex-bearing Euphorbiaceae herb native to tropical America, now a pantropical soybean and maize weed with documented ALS, glyphosate, and PPO herbicide resistance.
Euphorbia hirta
Euphorbia hirta (asthma plant, tawa-tawa), an annual Euphorbiaceae herb native to tropical America, used in traditional medicine for asthma, diarrhea, and dengue; pharmacology remains preclinical.
Euphorbia milii
Euphorbia milii, crown of thorns or Christ plant, is a spiny semisucculent Madagascan shrub in Euphorbiaceae grown for red, pink, white, or yellow bracts; its toxic latex causes dermatitis and eye injury, and its diterpenoids show molluscicidal and pharmacological activity.
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae Juss., 1789), is a Malpighiales family of about 230 genera and 6,500+ species with unisexual flowers, latex, and the unique cyathium; includes Hevea rubber, cassava, and castor oil plants.
Eurycoma longifolia
Eurycoma longifolia, tongkat ali or pasak bumi, is a Southeast Asian Simaroubaceae tree whose root is used as a traditional male sexual health and testosterone supplement; marker compound eurycomanone.
Fabaceae
Fabaceae (Leguminosae), the legume family: third-largest angiosperm family, ~751 genera and ~19,500 species, six subfamilies, pod fruits, rhizobial nitrogen fixation, and major food crops like soybean, pea, and bean.
Fabales
Fabales is an order of flowering plants with four families: Fabaceae, Polygalaceae, Quillajaceae, and Surianaceae. The legumes alone hold over 95 percent of its more than 20,000 species.
Fagaceae
Fagaceae (beech family), oaks Quercus, beeches Fagus, chestnuts Castanea; 8 genera, ~1,000 Northern Hemisphere tree species; nuts in woody cupules; major hardwood timbers.
Fagales
Fagales (Engler, 1892) is an order of woody flowering plants in the fabid rosids, with seven families including Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Nothofagaceae, Casuarinaceae, Myricaceae, and Ticodendraceae; about 1,325 species, wind-pollinated, Cretaceous origin, NCBI taxonomy ID 3502.
Fagopyrum tataricum
Fagopyrum tataricum, Tartary or bitter buckwheat (तिते फापर), is a self-pollinating Himalayan pseudocereal grown by the Yi people since the 2nd century BC, distinguished from common buckwheat by rutin levels up to 81 mg/g and bitter grain.
Fagus crenata
Fagus crenata, the Japanese beech, is a deciduous beech-family tree endemic to Japan, growing 15 to 30 meters tall and dominating cool-temperate forests from Kyushu to Hokkaido.
Fagus grandifolia
Fagus grandifolia (American beech), the only North American Fagus, a slow-growing shade-tolerant deciduous tree of eastern North America, 20-30 m, living 300-400 years, threatened chiefly by beech bark disease.
Fagus orientalis
Fagus orientalis, the Oriental beech, is a large deciduous tree of the beech family Fagaceae, native from southeastern Bulgaria across Türkiye to the Caucasus and the Hyrcanian forests of Iran.
Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica, European beech, is a large deciduous Fagaceae tree native from southern Scandinavia to Sicily and Spain to northwest Turkey, dominating Central European natural forests, with mast fruiting every 5–8 years and around 250 wood usages.
Faidherbia albida
Faidherbia albida (apple-ring acacia, winter thorn; formerly Acacia albida) is the sole species of its genus, a dryland African leguminous tree with reverse leaf phenology, leafless in the rains, widely used in agroforestry to raise crop yields and soil fertility.
Falcataria
Falcataria is a genus of three fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing legume trees native from eastern Malesia to the Santa Cruz Islands. Its best-known species, Falcataria falcata (formerly F. moluccana, albizia, batai), is planted for timber and shade but invades Pacific forests.
Falcataria moluccana
Falcataria moluccana, also called Falcataria falcata, Moluccan albizia, batai, or sengon, is a fast-growing nitrogen-fixing Fabaceae tree native to the Moluccas, New Guinea, and Solomon Islands, widely planted for timber yet invasive in Hawaii.
Feijoa sellowiana
Feijoa sellowiana, also called pineapple guava or Acca sellowiana, is a South American evergreen shrub grown for its sweet, pineapple-flavored green fruit, developed as a crop mainly in New Zealand.
Fenugreek
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), annual Fabaceae herb from the Mediterranean and western Asia, grown for bitter maple-scented seeds and kasuri methi leaves; India leads production; studied for blood sugar effects.
Ficus
Ficus (figs), genus Tourn. ex L. in Moraceae, pantropical trees and hemi-epiphytes with syconium inflorescences pollinated by specific Agaonidae wasps; 892 accepted species per Kew POWO; includes edible Ficus carica and strangler figs.
Ficus benghalensis
Ficus benghalensis, the banyan or Indian banyan (national tree of India), is a huge evergreen fig of the Indian subcontinent whose aerial roots become secondary trunks; it starts as a strangler epiphyte and is pollinated by species-specific fig wasps.
Ficus benjamina
Ficus benjamina, the weeping fig (垂叶榕), is an evergreen Moraceae tree native to tropical and subtropical Asia and northern Australia, widely grown indoors and outdoors; known for leaf drop, irritant sap, and Least Concern status.
Ficus elastica
Ficus elastica (rubber plant, India rubber fig), a Moraceae tree native from Nepal to western Malesia; once a rubber source, now a common houseplant, IUCN Least Concern, 2n=26.
Ficus lyrata
Ficus lyrata (fiddle-leaf fig, banjo fig) is a hemiepiphytic Moraceae tree native to west and west-central tropical Africa, a Least Concern species grown as a large-leaved landscape tree and popular but fussy houseplant.
Ficus microcarpa
Ficus microcarpa (Chinese banyan, Indian laurel) is a hemiepiphytic fig tree native from tropical Asia to the western Pacific, pollinated by the wasp Parapristina verticillata, widely planted as an ornamental and bonsai, and a Category I invasive in Florida after its pollinator was introduced.
Ficus racemosa
Ficus racemosa, commonly called the cluster fig or gular, is a large fig tree native from Pakistan to northern Australia and pollinated by the fig wasp Ceratosolen fusciceps.
Ficus religiosa
Ficus religiosa, the sacred fig or aśvattha (peepal, bodhi tree), is a Moraceae strangler fig up to 30 m native to India to southern China, pollinated by Platyscapa quadraticeps, sacred in Hinduism and Buddhism, with the 288 BC Sri Maha Bodhi as the oldest dated plant.