2,112 articles
Clerodendrum
Clerodendrum (glorybower, bagflower, bleeding-heart) is a Lamiaceae genus of about 250 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas of the Old World tropics, with tubular flowers and accrescent fruiting calyces.
Clethra
Clethra (sweet pepperbush, summersweet) is a genus of about 65-86 shrub and small tree species in Clethraceae, Ericales, native disjunctly to the Americas, Madeira, and tropical-subtropical Asia, with fragrant summer racemes and vicariance-driven biogeography.
Cleyera japonica
Cleyera japonica (sakaki, サカキ), Japanese cleyera, an evergreen Pentaphylacaceae shrub or small tree from Himalaya to East Asia; sacred in Shinto, IUCN Least Concern, with fragrant white flowers and red-to-black berries.
Clitoria
Clitoria (butterfly pea genus) is a pantropical Fabaceae genus published by Linnaeus in 1753, with 30-70 species centered in northern South America; C. ternatea yields ternatins, cyclotides, and butelase-1.
Clitoria ternatea
Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea, blue pea), a perennial Fabaceae legume native to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, grown for forage and ornament and known for ternatin blue anthocyanins, cyclotides, and food-colorant use.
Clover
Clover (Trifolium), also called trefoils, is a legume genus of about 240+ species centered in north temperate regions; white clover (T. repens) and red clover (T. pratense) are major forage and nitrogen-fixing pasture plants.
Clusia
Clusia (attorney) is a Neotropical genus of about 250-310 Clusiaceae trees and shrubs with leathery leaves and latex, the only dicotyledonous tree genus with CAM photosynthesis species.
Clusiaceae
Clusiaceae, commonly called the mangosteen family and alternatively known as Guttiferae, is a family of pantropical flowering plants in the order Malpighiales, named by John Lindley in 1836.
Cnidoscolus
Cnidoscolus (spurge nettle, chaya) is an American Euphorbiaceae genus of about 93–99 stinging-haired species centered in Mexico and Brazil, used in folk medicine and as the leafy vegetable chaya, which must be boiled to remove cyanogenic glycosides.
Coca
Coca (Erythroxylum coca, E. novogranatense; Spanish coca, 古柯) is a South American shrub whose cocaine-bearing leaves have been chewed for 8,000 years; four cultivated varieties contain 0.11-1.02% cocaine.
Coccinia
Coccinia (ivy gourd genus, Cucurbitaceae, Benincaseae) is a genus of dioecious African climbing gourds with scarlet berries; 25 species per Holstein's 2015 monograph, with Coccinia grandis naturalized across the tropics and used medicinally against diabetes.
Coccinia grandis
Coccinia grandis, ivy gourd or scarlet-fruited gourd (Cucurbitaceae), is a dioecious perennial tuberous climber to 20 m native from tropical Africa to Asia, eaten as a vegetable, studied as an antidiabetic herb, and a noxious invasive weed in Hawaii.
Coccoloba
Coccoloba (sea grape genus) P.Browne, Polygonaceae; ~150-400 neotropical tree, shrub, and liana species; type species Coccoloba uvifera, the seagrape, a salt-tolerant Caribbean beach tree with grape-like edible fruit clusters.
Cocculus
Cocculus DC., a genus of dioecious climbing plants in Menispermaceae (moonseed family), native from Eritrea to southern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to western Indo-China; alkaloid-rich medicinal plants, with C. hirsutus the type species and a taxonomically disputed circumscription.
Cochlearia
Cochlearia (scurvy-grass) is a Brassicaceae genus of cold-adapted coastal and alpine plants of temperate Eurasia and subarctic America, named for spoon-shaped leaves, with polyploid evolution, Pleistocene Arctic diversification, and vitamin C-rich C. officinalis once eaten by sailors against scurvy.
Cocoa butter
Cocoa butter, the fat of Theobroma cacao beans, is the continuous phase of chocolate, ~30% of the product, with POS/SOS/POP TAGs, six polymorphs, Form V tempering, and CBE/CBR/CBS alternatives.
Cocobolo
Cocobolo, the heartwood of Dalbergia retusa, a Central American rosewood tree from Mexico to Colombia; dense, oily, figured timber for instruments and luxury furniture; CITES Appendix II and IUCN Critically Endangered.
Codiaeum variegatum
Codiaeum variegatum, the garden croton (garden croton, fire croton, Joseph's Coat), is an Euphorbiaceae shrub native from Malesia to the SW Pacific, grown for variegated foliage in over 300 cultivars; mildly toxic sap, IUCN least concern.
Codonopsis
Codonopsis (党参, Dangshen) is a Campanulaceae genus of about 49 Asian perennial herbs whose dried roots are a qi-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine and food, rich in polyacetylenes, alkaloids, and polysaccharides.
Coffea
Coffea is a genus of flowering plants in the madder family (Rubiaceae) whose roasted seeds yield coffee, with about 133 species native to Africa and tropical Asia.
Coleus
Coleus is a genus of about 320 species of aromatic herbs and shrubs in the mint family, native to the Old World tropics and Australia.
Coleus amboinicus
Coleus amboinicus (syn. Plectranthus amboinicus), Indian borage, is an aromatic Lamiaceae perennial herb native to Africa, Arabia, and India, used as a culinary and medicinal plant with phenolic, terpenoid, and flavonoid phytochemistry.
Colophospermum mopane
Colophospermum mopane (mopane, turpentine tree, butterfly tree) is a Fabaceae tree dominating over 500,000 km² of south-central African savanna, host of edible mopane worms, drought- and fire-tolerant, IUCN least concern.
Colubrina
Colubrina, known in English as nakedwood, is a genus of about 45 species of shrubs and trees in the buckthorn family, native to the tropics and subtropics worldwide.
Colutea
Colutea (bladder senna) is a genus of about 28 deciduous legume shrubs from the Mediterranean to China and NE Africa, with inflated bladder-like pods, yellow or reddish pea flowers, and ornamental, forage, and erosion-control uses.
Combretaceae
Combretaceae R.Br., the combretum or terminalia family, is a pantropical Myrtales plant family of 10 genera and about 568 species, sister to the rest of the order, with Combretum and Terminalia its largest genera and mangrove members Lumnitzera, Conocarpus, and Laguncularia.
Combretum
Combretum (bushwillows) is a genus of about 290 accepted Combretaceae species, trees, shrubs, and woody climbers native to the tropics and subtropics with African diversity center; formerly separate genera such as Quisqualis are now included, and many species are used in African traditional medicine.
Commiphora
Commiphora is a genus of about 182 arid-adapted trees and shrubs in Burseraceae, the frankincense and myrrh family, native from Africa to Sri Lanka and South America; it is the source of myrrh resin and guggul.
Common sunflower
Common sunflower (Helianthus annuus, mirasol), a North American annual aster domesticated in eastern North America ~4,000-5,000 years ago; major oilseed crop with heliotropic young heads, 40-50% oil in modern hybrids.
Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum, poison hemlock, deadly hemlock or poison parsley, is a toxic biennial Apiaceae herb with purple-spotted hollow stems, containing coniine and gamma-coniceine; it killed Socrates and poisons livestock and humans.