Other flowering plants

Conocarpus

Conocarpus (button mangrove, Damas tree) is a two-species Combretaceae genus of mangrove-like trees native to tropical America and West Africa; C. erectus is salt-tolerant, widely introduced, and invasive in Pakistani cities.

Convolvulaceae

Convolvulaceae, the morning-glory or bindweed family, is a family of about 1,700 to 2,000 twining flowering plants, sister to the nightshade family and including the sweet potato.

Convolvulus

Convolvulus (bindweeds) is a genus of about 228 accepted species of twining or erect herbs in Convolvulaceae, published by Linnaeus in 1753, native to temperate and subtropical regions, with Calystegia nested within it and field bindweed (C. arvensis) its best-known weed.

Convolvulus arvensis

Convolvulus arvensis, field bindweed or wild morning glory, is a perennial Convolvulaceae vine weed with roots to 30 feet, 1-inch root fragments that regrow, seeds viable for decades, and documented 2,4-D resistance.

Copaifera

Copaifera, first published in 1762, is a genus of about 41 accepted legume tree species of tropical America, Africa, and Borneo, known for the copaiba oleoresin tapped from their trunks.

Coprosma

Coprosma (mirror plant, karamū) is a genus of about 120 dioecious, wind-pollinated Rubiaceae shrubs centered in New Zealand, spread across the Pacific by birds, with fleshy orange to purple-black drupes.

Coptis

Coptis (goldthread, huanglian 黄连) is a Ranunculaceae genus of about 15–18 species disjunctly distributed in East Asia and North America; its alkaloid-rich rhizome (Rhizoma Coptidis) yields berberine and coptisine for traditional Chinese medicine.

Coptis chinensis

Coptis chinensis (黄连, huanglian, Chinese goldthread), a Ranunculaceae herb whose dried rhizome (Coptidis rhizoma) is used in Chinese medicine; main source of berberine, with studied lipid, IBS, and diabetes evidence.

Corchorus

Corchorus is a pantropical Malvaceae genus of about 74 species, including C. capsularis and C. olitorius, the two jute fiber crops, whose leaves are also eaten and used in folk medicine.

Corchorus olitorius

Corchorus olitorius (jute mallow, molokhia, ewedu) is an annual Malvaceae herb of the tropical Old World grown for edible mucilaginous leaves and jute fiber; leaves provide 207 mg calcium and 6.3 mg iron per 100 g.

Cordia alliodora

Cordia alliodora (laurel, solera, nogal cafetero), a Boraginaceae timber tree native from Mexico to Argentina, grown for mahogany-like wood and as shade over coffee and cacao; fast-growing, IUCN Least Concern, invasive in parts of the Pacific.

Cordia subcordata

Cordia subcordata (kou, mareer, sea trumpet, kerosene tree) is a coastal Pacific and Indian Ocean borage-family tree with orange funnel-shaped heterostylous flowers, floating corky fruits, prized carving wood, and IUCN Least Concern status.

Coreopsis

Coreopsis (tickseed) is a genus of Asteraceae flowering plants native to North America, Hispaniola, and Peru, first published by Linnaeus in 1753. Species counts vary by treatment (39 accepted by Kew; about 120 in older floras); C. lanceolata is invasive in Japan.

Coriaria

Coriaria, sole genus of Coriariaceae in Cucurbitales, is a shrub genus with a strikingly disjunct Mediterranean, Himalayan, Australasian, and American distribution, nitrogen-fixing root nodules, and picrotoxin-like toxins (tutin, coriamyrtin).

Cormus domestica

Cormus domestica, the true service tree (syn. Sorbus domestica L.), is a monospecific Rosaceae genus and wild fruit tree of southern Europe and northwest Africa, with bletted sorb-apple fruits, fissured bark, and a disputed taxonomy between Cormus, Sorbus, and Pyrus.

Cornaceae

Cornaceae (dogwood family), synonym Alangiaceae, a Cornales family of trees and shrubs with two accepted genera, Cornus and Alangium, inferior-ovaried 4-merous flowers, drupaceous fruit, and a late Cretaceous Northern Hemisphere origin.

Cornales

Cornales, the dogwood order, earliest-diverging asterid order of flowering plants; 10 families, 42 genera, ~605 species in five clades; mid-Cretaceous origin with rapid radiation and rich late Cretaceous fossil record.

Cornus

Cornus, known as dogwoods, is a genus of about 55 to 65 species of trees, shrubs, and a few herbs in the family Cornaceae, native across temperate Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas.

Cornus amomum

Cornus amomum, commonly called silky dogwood, is a deciduous dogwood shrub native to eastern North America, recognized by purple young stems, silky leaves, and clusters of blue fruits.

Cornus florida

Cornus florida, flowering dogwood, is a small eastern North American understory tree with white or pink bracts, scarlet fruit, and hard shock-resistant wood, now threatened by dogwood anthracnose and bred for resistant cultivars.

Cornus mas

Cornus mas, cornelian cherry (kızılcık, zoghal akhteh), a dogwood shrub native to Europe and the Caucasus with edible red acidic fruits rich in vitamin C, anthocyanins, and iridoids, studied for cardiometabolic effects.

Cornus sanguinea

Cornus sanguinea (common dogwood, bloodtwig dogwood) is a deciduous European shrub of Cornaceae with red winter stems, white May-June flowers, purplish-black fruits, seeds 30% fat used for soap and lamp oil, and cultivars like 'Midwinter Fire'.

Coronilla

Coronilla (crownvetch) is a genus of about 24 accepted Fabaceae herbs and subshrubs native from Europe and the Mediterranean to Turkmenistan and N. Somalia, with jointed loment pods; C. varia is used for erosion control but is toxic and invasive.

Correa

Correa, Australian genus of 11 Rutaceae shrub species (native fuchsia), named for Portuguese botanist Correa da Serra; tubular nectar-rich flowers, frequent hybrids, popular garden plants.

Corydalis

Corydalis DC. (fumewort genus), a Papaveraceae/Fumarioideae genus of about 549 species native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, defined by spurred four-petaled flowers, six stamens in two bundles, and isoquinoline-alkaloid-rich medicinal roots.

Corylus

Corylus is a genus of trees and shrubs in the birch family, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, whose species produce the edible nuts known as hazelnuts.

Corymbia

Corymbia, the bloodwood eucalypts, a genus of about 95 Australian and New Guinean Myrtaceae trees split from Eucalyptus in 1995; includes spotted gums and ghost gums; non-monophyletic, with Blakella proposed as a separate genus in 2024.

Corymbia citriodora

Corymbia citriodora, the lemon-scented gum (formerly Eucalyptus citriodora), is an Australian Myrtaceae tree from Queensland to NE New South Wales, grown for citronellal-rich essential oil, heavy-construction timber, and ornamental planting.

Cota

Cota J.Gay is a genus of 37 daisy-family (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) herbs native to Eurasia, northwest Africa, and Alaska to Canada; formerly a section of Anthemis, recognized as an independent genus on molecular evidence in 2010, with type species Cota tinctoria, golden chamomile.