2,112 articles
Cumin
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), also called jeera or kammūn, is an annual Apiaceae herb from Iraq to Afghanistan grown for aromatic seeds used since antiquity; India dominates exports, and meta-analyses report modest cholesterol-lowering effects.
Cuminum
Cuminum is a small Apiaceae genus of annual herbs from the Mediterranean to southwest Asia; its type species Cuminum cyminum (cumin) yields the spice seed, native Iraq to Afghanistan, cultivated widely.
Cunoniaceae
Cunoniaceae R.Br. (1814, nom. cons.) is a family of Oxalidales trees and shrubs with 27 genera and about 335 species, centered in eastern Australia and New Caledonia; largest genus Weinmannia.
Cuphea
Cuphea (waxweed), Lythraceae genus of about 250-260 American species; largest genus in its family; seed oils rich in medium-chain fatty acids; includes ornamentals like C. ignea and oilseed cultivar PSR23.
Curio
Curio P.V.Heath is a genus of southern African succulent daisies (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) established in 1997 from Senecio, with 17 accepted species including string of pearls, Curio rowleyanus.
Curio rowleyanus
Curio rowleyanus (formerly Senecio rowleyanus), string of pearls or string of beads, is a South African trailing succulent in Asteraceae with spherical 5-8 mm windowed leaves, grown worldwide as a houseplant and mildly toxic if ingested.
Curry tree
Curry tree, Bergera koenigii (formerly Murraya koenigii), a small aromatic Rutaceae tree native to the Indian subcontinent to southern China; its pungent leaves are a South Indian cooking staple, with carbazole alkaloids and curry leaf oil.
Cuscuta
Cuscuta (dodder), genus of about 200-210 parasitic herbs in Convolvulaceae; obligate stem holoparasites lacking chlorophyll and roots, attaching via haustoria to host xylem and phloem; major agricultural weeds with broad, habitat-dependent host ranges.
Cyamopsis
Cyamopsis is a genus of four annual herbaceous Fabaceae legumes native to Africa, Arabia, and the Indian Subcontinent; its cultivated species guar (C. tetragonoloba, cluster bean) yields guar gum, a galactomannan thickener (INS 412) used in food and oil drilling, with India producing about 80% of the crop.
Cyanea
Cyanea Gaudich. is a genus of about 80 Hawaiian lobeliad trees and shrubs in Campanulaceae, all endemic to Hawai'i, arising from one colonization about 13 million years ago, pollinated by honeycreepers, with many species critically endangered.
Cyclamen
Cyclamen, genus of tuberous perennial herbs in Primulaceae, also called sowbread, native from Europe to Iran and NE Somalia; nodding reflexed-petaled flowers, tubers 2-24 cm, florist's cyclamen is C. persicum.
Cymbalaria
Cymbalaria (ivy-leaved toadflaxes, Kenilworth ivy) is a Plantaginaceae genus of about 9 to 17 Mediterranean perennial species of walls and cliffs, originating ca. 4 Ma, with C. muralis widely naturalized.
Cynanchum
Cynanchum (swallowwort) is a genus of about 250-300 Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae twiners published by Linnaeus in 1753, native from the tropics to temperate Asia, with Madagascar and southern China as diversity centers and many species used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Cynoglossum
Cynoglossum (hound's tongues) is a Boraginaceae herb genus, Old World to Australia, about 75-100 species, with barbed glochidiate nutlets and hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids; taxonomy recently revised toward a broader circumscription.
Cynoglossum officinale
Cynoglossum officinale, houndstongue or gypsy-flower, is a biennial Boraginaceae herb native from Europe to Siberia and Iran, invasive in North America, with barbed nutlets and pyrrolizidine alkaloids toxic to livestock via contaminated hay.
Cynometra
Cynometra (syn. Maniltoa) is a pantropical genus of Fabaceae trees and shrubs, about 85–113 accepted species, with pink young leaves, asymmetric leaflets, indehiscent fruits, timber and edible namnam fruit uses.
Cyrilla
Cyrilla (titi) is a genus of ten accepted shrub and tree species in Cyrillaceae, Ericales, native from the southeastern U.S. to tropical America; the widespread swamp titi, Cyrilla racemiflora, forms wetland thickets, resprouts after fire, and yields valued honey.
Cytisus
Cytisus (brooms), Fabaceae genus of Eurasian and North African shrubs including Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius); conserved name from 1798, ~30-48 accepted species, invasive in North America and Australia.
Cytisus scoparius
Cytisus scoparius, commonly known as Scotch broom, is a yellow-flowered legume shrub native to Europe, planted for ornament and now an invasive weed on most continents.
Dacryodes
Dacryodes is a genus of about 71 evergreen, resin-producing trees in the frankincense family Burseraceae, native to humid tropical forests of tropical America and Asia.
Daisy
Daisy (Bellis perennis), the English or lawn daisy of the daisy family Asteraceae, is a perennial European herb whose white-and-yellow "flower" is actually a capitulum of many ray and disc florets.
Dalbergia
Dalbergia (rosewoods) is a pantropical legume genus of trees, shrubs, and lianas in Fabaceae, tribe Dalbergieae, with 275 accepted species; source of rosewood timber, CITES Appendix II since 2017.
Dalbergia granadillo
Dalbergia granadillo (zangalicua, cocobolo mexicano, granadillo) is a Mexican rosewood tree of Fabaceae, CITES Appendix II, IUCN Critically Endangered, with over 80% decline over three generations from illegal logging for guitars and Hongmu furniture.
Dalbergia sissoo
Dalbergia sissoo (shisham, Indian rosewood) is a nitrogen-fixing Fabaceae timber tree native from the Arabian Peninsula to Myanmar, widely planted in South Asia, IUCN Least Concern, CITES Appendix II via the genus, affected by die-back disease.
Dalea
Dalea L., the prairie clovers, is a New World legume genus (Fabaceae, Amorpheae) of about 175–193 xerophytic herb and shrub species, most diverse in Mexico, used for forage, restoration, medicine, and nitrogen fixation.
Daphne mezereum
Daphne mezereum (mezereon, February daphne) is a toxic, pink-flowered deciduous shrub of Thymelaeaceae native from Europe to SW Siberia and N Iran, containing mezerein and daphnetoxin.
Dasiphora fruticosa
Dasiphora fruticosa (shrubby cinquefoil, formerly Potentilla fruticosa, Chinese jin lu mei 金露梅) is a circumboreal Rosaceae shrub with yellow flowers, host of Clayton's copper butterfly, secure globally (G5) but endangered in Pennsylvania.
Datura
Datura (thorn-apple, jimsonweed; Sanskrit dhattūra) is a genus of 14 toxic Solanaceae herbs native from the SW and S-central USA to Mexico, naturalized worldwide, containing atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine; distinct from the pendulous-flowered Brugmansia.
Datura metel
Datura metel, also known as devil's trumpet or thorn's apple, is a nightshade herb with large trumpet-shaped flowers, native to Mexico and cultivated worldwide as a narcotic and medicine.
Datura stramonium
Datura stramonium (jimson weed, thorn apple), Solanaceae annual herb native to Mexico, now a pantropical weed; all parts contain tropane alkaloids atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine; seeds contaminate grain and cause anticholinergic poisoning.