2,112 articles
Rosa canina
Rosa canina, the dog rose or common briar, is a scrambling Rosaceae shrub native from Europe to Central Asia, with vitamin C-rich rose hips, valued in food and herbal medicine, and invasive in Australia and Argentina.
Rosa gallica
Rosa gallica, the French rose or apothecary's rose (Rosa gallica var. officinalis), is a suckering tetraploid shrub native from Europe to the Caucasus and N. Iraq, progenitor of the Gallica garden roses, once-flowering, used in perfumery, medicine, and food.
Rosa multiflora
Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose, Japanese rose, baby rose), a scrambling Rosaceae shrub native to East Asia, introduced to North America as rootstock and living fence, now an invasive thicket-forming pasture weed.
Rosa rugosa
Rosa rugosa (Japanese rose, beach rose) is a hardy suckering shrub rose native to coastal East Asia, grown for fragrant flowers and large vitamin-C-rich hips, and invasive in coastal dunes of Europe and North America.
Rosaceae
Rosaceae (rose family), Rosoideae, Rosales. Cosmopolitan family of ~92 genera and 2,800-5,000 species centered in the north temperate zone, including apples, cherries, plums, strawberries, and roses, widely grown in botanical garden collections.
Rosales
Rosales, the rose order of flowering plants, has nine families, 263 genera, and about 8,010 species including Rosaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, and Urticaceae; it belongs to the nitrogen-fixing clade of fabids.
Rose
Rose (genus Rosa, family Rosaceae), also called China rose yuejihua in key lineage Rosa chinensis; Northern Hemisphere genus of about 350 prickly shrub species, five-petaled flowers, hips with achenes, and over 30,000 cultivated garden varieties.
Rose (disambiguation)
Rose (disambiguation): the genus Rosa (flowering plant, ~200-291 species), a female given name and surname of multiple origins, a light crimson color, and derived terms including sub rosa and the rose pangenome.
Rose hip
Rose hip (rose haw, rose hep): the accessory fruit of Rosa, a swollen hypanthium enclosing true achenes. Rich in vitamin C (400–1500 mg/100 g), used in foods, supplements (GOPO, osteoarthritis), and seed oil; differs from true drupes or berries.
Roselle (plant)
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa, karkade, red sorrel, Florida cranberry) is a Malvaceae shrub grown for its red calyces used in tea, jam, and coloring; major producers China, Sudan, Thailand; lowers blood pressure in trials.
Rosemary
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, formerly Rosmarinus officinalis) is an aromatic evergreen shrub of the mint family native to the Mediterranean, grown worldwide as a culinary herb and source of essential oil.
Rosids
Rosids: a major eudicot clade of flowering plants with about 140 families and one-third of angiosperm species, split into fabids and malvids, crown age 115-93 Mya, recircumscribed in APG V.
Rotala
Rotala (rotala, dwarf rotala, roundleaf toothcup) is a genus of about 71–75 aquatic herbs in Lythraceae, established by Linnaeus in 1771; R. rotundifolia is a Category II invasive weed in south Florida and a popular aquarium plant.
Rowan
Rowan, also called mountain ash, is a small deciduous tree of the rose family, native to Europe and temperate Asia, known for its bright red autumn berries.
Rubia
Rubia (madder), Old World Rubiaceae genus of about 80-87 species including R. tinctorum and R. cordifolia; roots yield alizarin and purpurin red dyes used since antiquity and in traditional medicine.
Rubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum (dyer's madder), a Rubiaceae perennial native from SE Europe to Xinjiang, whose alizarin- and purpurin-rich roots have dyed textiles red since 2000 BC; synthetic alizarin (1868) largely replaced it.
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae, the coffee or madder family (Gentianales), is the fourth-largest angiosperm family with about 586 accepted genera and over 14,000 species, defined by interpetiolar stipules and inferior ovaries; includes Coffea, Cinchona, Gardenia, and Psychotria.
Rubus
Rubus is the rose-family genus of blackberries, raspberries, and brambles, with roughly 700 to over 1400 species, biennial prickly canes, aggregate drupelet fruits, apomixis, and polyploid, hybrid-driven taxonomy revised into 10 subgenera in 2023.
Rubus caesius
Rubus caesius L., the European dewberry, is a scrambling Rosaceae shrub native from Europe to Xinjiang and the W. Himalaya, with trailing glaucous stems, white flowers, and bluish-black few-drupelet fruit.
Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus chamaemorus, the cloudberry (hjortron, bakeapple, aqpik), is a dioecious circumboreal bog herb of Rosaceae with amber aggregate fruits, rich in vitamin C and ellagitannins, harvested wild across Scandinavia and North America.
Rubus fruticosus
Rubus fruticosus L. (blackberry, bramble, Rubus fruticosus agg.) is a European Rosaceae scrambling shrub published by Linnaeus in 1753; an apomictic aggregate of over 2,000 microspecies, cultivated for its black drupelet fruit and used in food and herbal medicine.
Rubus leucodermis
Rubus leucodermis, whitebark or western black raspberry, is a western North American Rosaceae shrub with whitish waxy canes, black raspberries, two varieties, and use in black raspberry breeding for RBDV resistance.
Rubus occidentalis
Rubus occidentalis, black raspberry or blackcap, a North American Rosaceae bramble (subgenus Idaeobatus, 2n=14) grown mainly in Oregon, with anthocyanin-rich fruit distinct from red raspberry and blackberry.
Rubus phoenicolasius
Rubus phoenicolasius (wineberry, Japanese wineberry) is an East Asian Rosaceae shrub introduced to the US in 1890 for breeding, now invasive in the eastern US, with red-hairy canes, edible fruit, tip-rooting, and higher competitive ability than native blackberries.
Rudbeckia
Rudbeckia, commonly called coneflowers or black-eyed Susans, is a genus of about 30 daisy-family flowering plants native to North America, with yellow or orange rays around a raised dark central cone.
Rudbeckia hirta
Rudbeckia hirta, black-eyed Susan or gloriosa daisy, is a North American Asteraceae forb, annual to short-lived perennial, with yellow ray flowers and a dark cone; Maryland's state flower since 1918, with four varieties and many cultivars.
Rudbeckia laciniata
Rudbeckia laciniata, cutleaf coneflower or sochan, a North American perennial Asteraceae with cut leaves, edible young leaves, livestock toxicity, and invasive status in Europe and Japan.
Ruellia
Ruellia (wild petunia), a large genus of Acanthaceae flowering plants published by Linnaeus in 1753, with about 375-388 species native to tropics, subtropics, and North America; type species Ruellia tuberosa.
Rumex
Rumex (docks and sorrels) is a genus of about 200 Polygonaceae herbs with six-part flowers, accrescent inner perianth valves, and trigonous nuts; some dioecious species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes.
Rumex crispus
Rumex crispus (curly dock, yellow dock) is a perennial Polygonaceae herb native to temperate Eurasia and now a global weed; about 224 phytochemicals, traditional laxative and astringent uses, oxalate and emodin toxicity.