3,306 articles
Echinocactus
Echinocactus (barrel cacti), Link & Otto 1827, a small Cactaceae genus native from the SW and central USA to Mexico; Kew accepts E. horizonthalonius and E. platyacanthus, with the golden barrel now Kroenleinia grusonii; CITES Appendix II.
Echinocereus
Echinocereus, commonly called hedgehog cacti, is a genus of about 85 cactus species with short cylindrical stems and funnel-shaped flowers, native to the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Echinochloa
Echinochloa (barnyard grasses, barnyard millets) is a cosmopolitan Poaceae genus of roughly 30–50 or more species; E. crus-galli is a major rice weed with herbicide resistance, while E. frumentacea and E. esculenta are cultivated millets.
Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa colona (jungle rice, junglerice, awnless barnyard grass), an annual C4 grass weed of rice and summer crops in over 60 countries; allohexaploid, highly fecund (72,973 seeds/plant), with glyphosate-resistant populations in Australia.
Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass, cockspur grass) is a coarse annual Poaceae weed of rice and other crops, native from Europe and Asia to Africa, with documented herbicide resistance and use as barnyard millet's wild ancestor.
Echium
Echium, borage family genus of 68 species native to Macaronesia, Europe, and North Africa; known for Canary Island adaptive radiation, insular woodiness, giant rosette trees like E. wildpretii, and pyrrolizidine alkaloid defenses.
Echium vulgare
Echium vulgare, viper's bugloss or blueweed, is a Eurasian Boraginaceae biennial with violet-blue flowers, pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity to livestock, and noxious-weed status in parts of North America and Australia.
Eclipta prostrata
Eclipta prostrata (false daisy, bhringraj; syn. Eclipta alba) is an Asteraceae herb of moist tropical habitats, used in Ayurveda and TCM, with coumestans such as wedelolactone as key phytochemicals.
Ecology and conservation of cypresses
The ecology and conservation of cypresses concerns small, isolated California stands of fire-adapted conifers whose serotinous cones need fire to open, making fire suppression a conservation threat.
Ecology and conservation of yews (Taxus)
The ecology and conservation of yews covers the genus Taxus, shade-tolerant conifers whose red arils recruit birds as seed dispersers and whose wild populations face browsing, fire, and slow regeneration.
Ecology and habitat of Cycas
The ecology and habitat of Cycas, the largest cycad genus, spans coastal dunes, savanna, rainforest, and limestone karst in the tropics, with insect pollination and fire-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing coralloid roots.
Ecology of coniferous forests
Ecology of coniferous forests is the study of how forests dominated by pines, spruces, firs, and larches initiate, burn, decompose litter, cycle nutrients, and support fungi and soils.
Egeria densa
Egeria densa (Brazilian waterweed, anacharis, Elodea densa), Hydrocharitaceae submerged aquatic plant native to South America, aquarium escape, male-only invasive populations, whorls of 4–8 serrated leaves, clogs waterways.
Eggplant
Eggplant (Solanum melongena), also aubergine or brinjal, is a Solanaceae crop domesticated in South-East Asia from Solanum insanum, grown for its edible immature berry, with China and India leading production.
Ehrharta erecta
Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) is a perennial African grass, family Poaceae, native from Eritrea to South Africa and Yemen, invasive in California, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Europe, spreading by wind-borne seed.
Eichhornia crassipes
Eichhornia crassipes, water hyacinth, now Pontederia crassipes, is a South American floating aquatic plant, one of the world's worst invasive weeds, controlled by Neochetina weevils and used for bioenergy and bioremediation.
El Palo Alto
El Palo Alto is a famous ~1,000-year-old coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) on San Francisquito Creek, California Historical Landmark #2, namesake of Palo Alto; 110 ft tall, down from 162 ft, saved by wells capped and misting.
Elaeagnaceae
Elaeagnaceae, the oleaster family (oleaster, sea buckthorn), is a Rosales family of three genera, Elaeagnus, Hippophae, Shepherdia, and ca. 100 Northern Hemisphere species with silvery scales, petal-less flowers, and Frankia nitrogen-fixing root nodules.
Elaeagnus
Elaeagnus (oleaster genus), family Elaeagnaceae, 93 accepted shrub/tree species with silvery scaled leaves, nitrogen-fixing Frankia nodules; includes invasive autumn olive and Russian olive and ornamental hybrids.
Elaeagnus angustifolia
Elaeagnus angustifolia, Russian olive or oleaster, a thorny deciduous Elaeagnaceae tree native from eastern Europe to temperate Asia; nitrogen-fixing, salt-tolerant, invasive in western North American riparian areas, and a traditional medicinal and food plant.
Elaeis
Elaeis, the oil palm genus (Arecaceae), includes African oil palm Elaeis guineensis and American E. oleifera; native to tropical Africa and tropical America, it supplies about 40% of world vegetable oil.
Elaeis guineensis
Elaeis guineensis, the African oil palm, is a tropical Arecaceae palm native to West and Central Africa, source of palm and palm-kernel oil; highest-yielding oil crop, grown on about 21 million hectares, mostly Indonesia and Malaysia.
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpaceae Juss. (1816), a mainly tropical family of 12 genera and c. 600 species in Oxalidales; largest genera Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus (c. 350) and Sloanea (c. 150); includes former Tremandraceae; absent from continental Africa.
Elaeocarpus
Elaeocarpus (rudraksha, quandong) is the largest genus of Elaeocarpaceae, about 350-483 species of Old World tropical trees with fringed petals, blue sculpted drupes, and beads, timber, and medicinal uses.
Elegia
Elegia is a genus of about 50 evergreen, reed-like flowering plants in the family Restionaceae, endemic to South Africa's Cape Provinces and a main component of fynbos vegetation.
Eleocharis dulcis
Eleocharis dulcis, known as Chinese water chestnut or Biqi, is a perennial sedge cultivated in China for centuries for its sweet, starchy corms, eaten fresh, canned, or as starch.
Elettaria
Elettaria, true cardamom genus (Elettaria cardamomum, green or true cardamom), a small Zingiberaceae genus native to India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indonesia; only E. cardamomum is true cardamom, other cardamom-named species are false cardamoms.
Eleusine
Eleusine is a genus of about ten grass species in the family Poaceae, first published in 1788, that includes finger millet and the weed goosegrass.
Eleusine indica
Eleusine indica (goosegrass, wiregrass) is a diploid C4 annual grass of Poaceae, a pantropical weed of crops and a close wild relative of finger millet, notorious for evolving resistance to many herbicide modes of action.
Eleutherococcus
Eleutherococcus (Siberian ginseng, eleuthero, Acanthopanax) is an Araliaceae genus of about 29 thorny Asian shrub species; E. senticosus root is an EU traditional herbal medicine for asthenia and a Soviet-era adaptogen.