3,306 articles
Eleutherococcus senticosus
Eleutherococcus senticosus, also known as Siberian ginseng or eleuthero, is a spiny shrub of the ginseng family native to the Russian Far East, China, Korea, and Japan.
Elm
Ulmus (elms), genus of trees in Ulmaceae, Rosales, native to temperate Eurasia, North Africa, and the Americas; 37 accepted species; devastated by Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma) spread by bark beetles.
Elymus
Elymus (wild rye, wheatgrasses), Linnaeus 1753, is the largest allopolyploid grass genus of tribe Triticeae, Poaceae, with about 150-200 species combining St, H, P, W, and Y genomes, native across the Northern Hemisphere and used for forage, restoration, and breeding germplasm.
Emile S. Gardiner
Emile S. Gardiner is an American research forester with the U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station in Stoneville, Mississippi, known for work on oak regeneration and restoring bottomland hardwood forests on former farmland.
Emmer
Emmer (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum), also called farro, is a hulled tetraploid wheat domesticated in the Fertile Crescent by roughly 10,000 years ago; it is the ancestor of durum wheat and a progenitor of bread wheat.
Empetrum
Empetrum (crowberry), Ericaceae genus of evergreen dwarf shrubs with four accepted species, bipolar across the subarctic Northern Hemisphere and southern South America; black seedy berries eaten by people and wildlife.
Empetrum nigrum
Empetrum nigrum (black crowberry, crowberry) is an evergreen Ericaceae dwarf shrub of boreal and arctic Northern Hemisphere heaths, with black stone fruits, diploid dioecious and tetraploid hermaphroditum groups, and bibenzyl-based allelopathy.
Encephalartos
Encephalartos (bread trees), African-endemic cycad genus in Zamiaceae with 68 taxa, 85% threatened, dioecious cone-bearing plants pollinated by specialized insects; all species CITES Appendix I.
Encephalartos ferox
Encephalartos ferox, the holly-leafed cycad (Zamiaceae), native Mozambique to KwaZulu-Natal; glossy spiny holly-like leaflets, bright red cones, dioecious, IUCN Near Threatened, CITES Appendix I, about 100,000 mature individuals.
Encephalartos horridus
Encephalartos horridus, the Eastern Cape blue cycad, is an Endangered South African cycad with intense blue foliage, a ~431 km2 range, under 5,000 mature plants, heavy poaching, and CITES Appendix I listing.
Encephalartos woodii
Encephalartos woodii, Wood's cycad, a South African cycad from Ngoye Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, extinct in the wild since 1916. Only one male plant was ever found in 1895; all cultivated specimens are male clones, and no female exists.
Encyclia
Encyclia, known as the butterfly orchid, is a genus of about 174 epiphytic orchids in subtribe Laeliinae, native from Florida and Mexico south to Brazil and Argentina.
Endosperm
Endosperm: the triploid (2m:1p) nutritive seed tissue of flowering plants, formed by double fertilization of the central cell; site of genomic imprinting, source of cereal grain food, and sensitive to parental genome dosage.
Enneapogon nigricans
Enneapogon nigricans (black-heads, nine-awn grass, bottlebrush grass) is an Australian perennial grass of Poaceae with dark, spike-like panicles and nine-awned lemmas, native from southeast Queensland to southeast Australia and used as forage.
Entada
Entada (Adans., 1763) is a pantropical legume genus (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) of lianas and trees, 40 species after Elephantorrhiza was merged in 2022, with metre-long pods, sea-heart drift seeds, and saponin-rich medicinal uses.
Entandrophragma
Entandrophragma (African mahogany genus, Meliaceae), proposed by Casimir de Candolle in 1894, comprises about 10-12 large timber tree species exclusively native to tropical and southern Africa, traded as sapelli, sipo, kosipo, and tiama.
Entandrophragma cylindricum
Entandrophragma cylindricum, sapele or sapelli, is an African Meliaceae timber tree from Sierra Leone to Uganda; about 1.3 million m³ of logs are harvested yearly and the species is IUCN Vulnerable.
Enterolobium
Enterolobium (guanacaste, ear pod tree) is a genus of eight accepted Fabaceae tree species native from Mexico to southern tropical America, with twisted ear-shaped pods, valuable timber, and dry-season livestock forage.
Eostangeria
Eostangeria is an extinct cycad genus from Paleogene Europe and western North America and Miocene Bulgaria, with fernlike, Stangeria-like leaflets but Zamiaceae epidermal anatomy, transitional between Zamia and Stangeria.
Ephedra (plant)
Ephedra (ma huang, 麻黄) is a genus of about 70 gymnosperm shrubs in Gnetales, with Gnetum and Welwitschia its closest living relatives; source of ephedrine alkaloids, banned in US supplements since 2004, with a fossil record over 110 million years old.
Epidendrum
Epidendrum (star orchids), Neotropical orchid genus named by Linnaeus in 1763; ~1900 described species (est. 2400), lip adnate to column, sister to Cattleya; reed-stem and pseudobulbous habits.
Epidendrum radicans
Epidendrum radicans (crucifix orchid, fire star orchid, ground-rooting epidendrum) is an orange-flowered terrestrial orchid native from Mexico to Colombia, distinguished from E. ibaguense by adventitious roots along its climbing stems; nectarless, butterfly-pollinated, widely cultivated.
Epidendrum secundum
Epidendrum secundum (thicket star orchid, lopsided star orchid) is a variable neotropical orchid from the Lesser Antilles to northern South America, center of the taxonomically debated E. secundum complex, pollinated by butterflies and parent of crucifix orchid hybrids.
Epilobium
Epilobium (willowherbs), genus of Onagraceae published by Linnaeus in 1753; about 190-192 accepted species of erect perennial herbs, cosmopolitan except Antarctica, formerly including fireweeds (Chamaenerion) and Zauschneria.
Epimedium
Epimedium (barrenwort, bishop's hat, fairy wings) is a genus of about 62-67 perennial Berberidaceae herbs native from the Mediterranean to East Asia, grown as shade groundcover and used in Chinese medicine as Epimedii Herba.
Epipactis
Epipactis Zinn is a genus of terrestrial orchids (Orchidaceae) of temperate Eurasia, North America, and tropical Africa, with 59 accepted species, spurless nectar-cup lips, and speciation driven by allogamy-to-autogamy transitions.
Epipactis gigantea
Epipactis gigantea, the stream orchid or giant helleborine, is the only Epipactis native to the US and Canada, a wetland orchid from British Columbia to Mexico pollinated by honeydew-mimicking syrphid flies, ranked G4/least concern.
Epipactis helleborine
Epipactis helleborine, broad-leaved helleborine, is a Eurasian orchid native from NW Africa to China, naturalized in North America since 1879, pollinated by wasps and bees, with nectar containing over 100 compounds.
Epiphyllum
Epiphyllum (orchid cactus genus) is a genus of 10 accepted epiphytic cacti in tribe Hylocereeae, native Mexico to tropical America, with flattened leaf-like branches and mostly nocturnal white flowers; horticultural 'epiphyllum hybrids' are mostly Disocactus crosses.
Epiphyllum oxypetalum
Epiphyllum oxypetalum, the queen of the night, is a spineless epiphytic cactus native from Central Mexico to Nicaragua, with fragrant white night-blooming flowers that wither by morning; IUCN Least Concern, widely cultivated as a houseplant.