3,306 articles
Afzelia
Afzelia (doussié, chanfuta, tindalo) is a genus of 12 accepted Fabaceae hardwood tree species native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia, prized for dense, teak-like durable timber; several species are Vulnerable and CITES-regulated.
Agapanthus
Agapanthus (African lily, Lily of the Nile) is a southern African genus of eight rhizomatous Amaryllidaceae species with blue or white umbels, 625+ cultivars, medicinal uses, and invasive status in New Zealand.
Agarwood
Agarwood (oud, aloeswood, gaharu) is fragrant resinous heartwood from Aquilaria and Gyrinops trees formed after fungal infection; CITES Appendix II listed, traded as incense, oil, and perfume worth up to $120,000/kg.
Agathis
Agathis (kauri, dammar) is a genus of about 19 large Araucariaceae conifers of Malesia to New Zealand rainforests, valued for timber and copal, sister to Wollemia, with Cenozoic fossils from Australasia and Patagonia.
Agathis australis
Agathis australis (kauri) is New Zealand's giant Araucariaceae conifer, 30–60 m tall, endemic north of 38° S, culturally a Māori taonga, and threatened by the incurable soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora agathidicida (kauri dieback).
Agathis dammara
Agathis dammara (almaciga, dammar pine, East Indian kauri) is a Vulnerable Araucariaceae conifer tree native to the Philippines, Sulawesi, and Maluku, source of dammar copal resin and lightweight kauri timber.
Agathoxylon
Agathoxylon Hartig 1848 is a morphogenus for Araucaria-like fossil wood with araucarian tracheid pitting and araucarioid cross-fields, replacing the illegitimate Araucarioxylon; recorded from Devonian to Holocene, especially Mesozoic Gondwana.
Agave
Agave is a genus of succulent, rosette-forming plants in the family Asparagaceae, native from the southwestern United States to Venezuela and especially numerous in Mexico.
Agave americana
Agave americana, the century plant or maguey americano, is a monocarpic CAM succulent native from the southern USA to Mexico, tolerating −9 °C, flowering once on a stalk up to 10 m, and used for pulque, fiber, medicine, and ornament.
Agave lophantha
Agave lophantha (thorncrest century plant, maguey mezortillo), also called Agave univittata, is a compact succulent agave from SW Texas to NE Mexico, flowering once on a 12-foot stalk; secure (G5), grown as 'Quadricolor' and 'Splendida' ornamentals.
Agave syrup
Agave syrup, or agave nectar, is a post-1990 liquid sweetener from Agave salmiana and A. tequilana sap, made by hydrolyzing fructans; up to 90% fructose, glycemic index 10–27, regulated by NOM-003-SAGARPA-2016.
Ageratina
Ageratina, a genus of about 316 species of Asteraceae herbs and shrubs in tribe Eupatorieae, established by Spach in 1841, formerly in Eupatorium; includes invasive crofton weed (A. adenophora) and toxic white snakeroot (A. altissima).
Ageratum
Ageratum is a genus of about 30-40 Asteraceae herbs native to tropical America, including the pantropical weed Ageratum conyzoides and the garden ornamental A. houstonianum, known for precocene-rich oils and pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
Ageratum conyzoides
Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed, goat weed, tropical whiteweed), an aromatic Asteraceae annual herb native to Mexico, pantropical invasive agricultural weed, folk medicine, and source of precocenes, methoxyflavonoids, and hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
Aglaia
Aglaia (plant genus), Aglaia Lour., a genus of about 110–125 tropical trees and shrubs in the mahogany family Meliaceae, ranging from India to Samoa, sole source of anticancer flavagline compounds such as rocaglamide.
Aglaonema
Aglaonema, or Chinese evergreen, is a genus of about 21-26 Araceae species native from northeast India to Papua New Guinea, grown as low-light houseplants and introduced to the West in 1885.
Agonis
Agonis (peppermints) is a genus of aromatic Myrtaceae shrubs and trees endemic to south-west Western Australia, with white flowers in globular heads and woody 3-valved capsules; type species Agonis flexuosa, the willow myrtle.
Agrimonia
Agrimonia (agrimony) is a genus of Rosaceae perennial herbs with yellow flowers and hooked burs, native to temperate Northern Hemisphere regions; type species A. eupatoria, used as the herbal drug Agrimoniae herba.
Agrimonia eupatoria
Agrimonia eupatoria (agrimony, church steeples) is a Rosaceae perennial herb of Europe, North Africa, and Asia; its dried flowering tops (Agrimoniae herba) are a tannin-rich traditional astringent drug regulated by an EMA monograph.
Agropyron
Agropyron (crested wheatgrasses) is a genus of perennial Triticeae grasses, Poaceae, native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa, with 13 accepted species, base chromosome number x=7, and P-genome-based circumscription.
Agropyron cristatum
Agropyron cristatum, crested wheatgrass, is a cool-season C3 perennial bunchgrass native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa, widely seeded in North America since the 1930s for forage and revegetation, but invasive in native prairie and linked to reduced soil carbon and diversity.
Agrostemma
Agrostemma, commonly known as the corncockles, is a small genus of two annual herb species in the pink family, native from southeastern Europe to western Asia.
Agrostemma githago
Agrostemma githago, common corncockle, is a toxic annual Caryophyllaceae herb native from SE Europe to N Iran, once a widespread grain-field weed whose seeds contaminated wheat until modern seed cleaning made it rare.
Agrostis gigantea
Agrostis gigantea, redtop or black bentgrass, is a rhizomatous perennial grass of temperate Eurasia, introduced worldwide, used for forage and erosion control but also an invasive agricultural weed.
Agrostis stolonifera
Agrostis stolonifera, creeping bentgrass, is a stoloniferous perennial Poaceae grass native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa, the dominant cool-season turfgrass on golf greens, allotetraploid 2n=28, tolerant of very low mowing.
Ailanthus
Ailanthus is a genus of six tree species in Simaroubaceae, native from tropical Asia to northern Australia; its best-known member, Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven), is a major invasive tree in Europe, North America, and elsewhere.
Ailanthus altissima
Ailanthus altissima, tree-of-heaven, is an invasive Simaroubaceae tree from China, introduced to Europe in 1751 and North America in 1784, known for ailanthone allelopathy, clonal root suckers, and heavy seeding.
Aiphanes
Aiphanes Willd. is a genus of about 37 spiny understory palms (Arecaceae) native to Tropical America, centered in the Andes; Miocene origin, moist-habitat niche conservatism, species from 0 to 3,000 m.
Aiphanes minima
Aiphanes minima (coyure palm, macaw palm, Guinea bactris) is a spiny, solitary Caribbean palm in Arecaceae, native from Hispaniola and Puerto Rico to Trinidad and the Windward Islands, with bright red 1.4-1.7 cm fruits and seeds used in sweets.
Aizoaceae
Aizoaceae, commonly called the ice plant family, is a family of flowering plants with succulent leaves and capsule fruits, with most of its roughly 2,000 species native to southern Africa.