3,306 articles
Phytolacca americana
Phytolacca americana, American pokeweed or pokeberry, is a toxic perennial herb native to eastern North America, with black berry racemes, used as poke salad and ink, invasive in China and Europe.
Phytolaccaceae
Phytolaccaceae (pokeweed family), R.Br. 1818, nom. cons., a Caryophyllales flowering-plant family; broad sense 17 genera, 70–80 species, polyphyletic; strict sense Anisomeria, Ercilla, Phytolacca; type genus Phytolacca.
Piccalilli
Piccalilli: a British pickle relish of onions, cauliflower, and cucumber in a turmeric-yellow mustard sauce, first recorded 1769 as piccalillo; in America the name covers chopped pepper, tomato, or chow-chow-style relishes.
Picea
Picea (spruce) is a genus of about 35–50 evergreen conifers in Pinaceae, native to Northern Hemisphere boreal and montane forests, defined by peg-like needle bases and pendulous cones; key species include Picea abies and P. sitchensis.
Picea abies
Picea abies, Norway spruce (gran, Épinette de Norvège), a large Pinaceae conifer native to the Alps, Balkans, Carpathians, and Scandinavia; Europe's key forestry spruce, widely transplanted since the 1500s, Least Concern but drought- and bark-beetle-vulnerable.
Picea breweriana
Picea breweriana, Brewer spruce or weeping spruce, a rare spruce endemic to the Klamath Mountains of southwest Oregon and northwest California, with pendulous ropelike branchlets, cones 8–15 cm, and basal position in the genus Picea.
Picea engelmannii
Picea engelmannii, Engelmann spruce (Columbian spruce, mountain spruce), a long-lived high-elevation conifer of the Rocky Mountains and Cascades from British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico, typically codominant with subalpine fir, threatened by spruce beetle outbreaks and projected range reduction under warming.
Picea glauca
Picea glauca, white spruce (also Canadian spruce, Black Hills spruce), a dominant boreal conifer of Alaska and Canada. Transcontinental range, 25 m average height, pulp and lumber wood; improved seedlots grow 17% faster.
Picea mariana
Picea mariana, black spruce (bog spruce, swamp spruce), a dominant North American boreal conifer from Alaska to Newfoundland, with semiserotinous cones adapted to fire, Canada's most important pulpwood species, IUCN Least Concern.
Picea rubens
Picea rubens, red spruce (épinette rouge), a medium-sized Pinaceae conifer of eastern North America from the Canadian Maritimes to the southern Appalachians; long-lived, shade-tolerant, IUCN Least Concern, timber and musical-instrument wood.
Picea sitchensis
Picea sitchensis, Sitka spruce (coast, tideland, or yellow spruce), the world's largest spruce, a conifer native to the Pacific coast from Alaska to northern California, widely planted in Britain and Ireland for timber, with acidic-soil, hypermaritime habitat requirements.
Picris
Picris (oxtongues) is a genus of 46 accepted species of Asteraceae herbs in tribe Cichorieae, subtribe Hypochaeridinae, named by Linnaeus in 1753, native to the temperate and subtropical Old World and Australia, with P. hieracioides as type species.
Pieris
Pieris names two genera: Pieris D.Don (1834), about nine Ericaceae shrub species from Himalaya to East Asia and eastern North America, and Pieris Schrank, 1801, the Pieridae white butterflies including Pieris napi.
Pigeon pea
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), also red gram or gungo pea, is a drought-resistant tropical legume shrub domesticated in India from C. cajanifolius, grown on about 6 million ha for protein-rich seeds, fodder, and soil-improving nitrogen fixation.
Pilaf
Pilaf, also called pilau or pulao, is a rice dish cooked in seasoned liquid so every grain stays separate, known across Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and India.
Pilea
Pilea (Urticaceae) is the largest genus in the nettle family, about 614–715 species of succulent herbs across tropical America and the Old World, with explosive flowers, catapulted seeds, and the houseplant Chinese money plant.
Pilea peperomioides
Pilea peperomioides (镜面草), the Chinese money plant, is a Urticaceae perennial native to SW Sichuan and W Yunnan, China, brought to Norway in 1946 by missionary Agnar Espergen, propagated by offsets and cuttings, and known for round peltate leaves.
Pilgerodendron
Pilgerodendron, sole species Pilgerodendron uviferum (ciprés de las Guaitecas, ten), a monotypic Vulnerable Cupressaceae conifer of southern Chile and Argentina, CITES Appendix I, dioecious, slow-growing bog-forest tree with low genetic diversity.
Pilosella
Pilosella (hawkweeds) is a genus of Asteraceae, tribe Cichorieae, formerly a subgenus of Hieracium, distinguished by stolons, one-rowed pappus, and facultative aposporous apomixis controlled by LOA and LOP loci; includes the weed and medicinal plant P. officinarum.
Pilosocereus royenii
Pilosocereus royenii, Royen's tree cactus, is a spiny tree-like Caribbean cactus from Mexico and the Antilles; taxonomically disputed (synonym of P. polygonus per Kew), bee-pollinated in Puerto Rico, Least Concern, CITES Appendix II.
Pinaceae
Pinaceae, the pine family, is the largest conifer family with about 240 species in 11 genera, almost entirely Northern Hemisphere, with woody cones bearing free scales and two seeds per scale, dating to the mid-Triassic.
Pinales
Pinales (Coniferales) is the order of conifers in class Pinopsida: cone-bearing, mostly evergreen trees such as pines, firs, spruces, cypresses, and yews, with about 630 extant species in seven to eight families.
Pine
Pine (Pinus) is a large Northern Hemisphere conifer genus of about 175 species, defined by needle fascicles and woody seed cones; notable for 128-million-year-old lineage, fire-adapted serotinous cones, bristlecone longevity, and resin, timber, and edible-seed uses.
Pine nut
Pine nuts, also called pinyon nuts or pignolia, are edible gymnosperm seeds of pines such as Pinus pinea, P. koraiensis, P. sibirica, and P. edulis; not true nuts, wild-harvested, high in oil, and linked to pine mouth from P. armandii.
Pine processionary
Pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa), Mediterranean moth whose caterpillars defoliate pines and cedars, carry urticating thaumetopoein hairs, and are expanding northward with winter warming; controlled by insecticides, birds, bats, and newly documented fox and marten predation.
Pine tar
Pine tar, a wood tar from destructive distillation of Scots pine heartwood, used since antiquity as wood preservative, ship caulking, stave church coating, and topical antiseptic skin treatment.
Pineapple
Pineapple (Ananas comosus), piña, ananas: a seedless bromeliad cultigen from South America, domesticated over 6,000 years ago, third most important tropical fruit, propagated clonally from crowns, with Costa Rica supplying two-thirds of global trade.
Pineapple mania
Pineapple mania: the 17th-19th century European craze for growing and displaying pineapples (Ananas comosus) as status symbols, driving hothouse cultivation, aristocratic rivalry, the Dunmore Pineapple, and fruit motifs in architecture and decorative arts.
Pinguicula
Pinguicula, butterworts, a genus of about 130 carnivorous herbs in Lentibulariaceae with sticky flypaper leaves; Northern Hemisphere distribution, centers in Mexico/Caribbean and Europe, first carnivorous genus with CAM photosynthesis.
Pinsa (bread)
Pinsa (Pinsa Romana) is an oval Roman flatbread of wheat, rice, and soy flour, 75–85% hydration, 24–72 h cold ferment, invented and trademarked by Corrado Di Marco in Rome in 2001, not an ancient recipe; crisper and lighter than pizza, no protected status.