3,306 articles
Sida
Sida (fanpetals) is a pantropical genus of herbs and shrubs in Malvaceae, tribe Malveae, with about 200-277 species, type species Sida rhombifolia; weedy, medicinal, and polyphyletic per recent phylogenetics.
Siddu (bread)
Siddu (सिद्दू), also called Khobli in Shimla, is a Himachali steamed fermented wheat bread stuffed with poppy seed, walnut, or black gram paste, served with ghee, dal, or chutney; a winter staple of Shimla and Kullu, possibly from Tibetan tse-doe.
Sideritis
Sideritis (ironwort, Greek mountain tea, τσάι του βουνού) is a Lamiaceae genus of 148 species from Europe to China; four species hold an EU traditional herbal monograph for cough, cold, and mild gastrointestinal complaints.
Silene
Silene (campion, catchfly) is a large Caryophyllaceae genus of about 870-891 species, centered in the Mediterranean and W Asia, with three subgenera, twice-evolved sex chromosomes, and model status in ecology.
Silybum
Silybum (milk thistle genus), two Asteraceae thistle species including Silybum marianum, Mediterranean-native medicinal herb source of silymarin, naturalized worldwide and used for liver remedies for over 2000 years.
Silybum marianum
Silybum marianum (milk thistle, Mary thistle, holy thistle) is a Mediterranean Asteraceae herb, 1-2 m tall with purple flower heads, whose seed extract silymarin is a widely used but clinically unproven liver supplement.
Simaba cedron
Simaba cedron (cedron, cedrón; now Homalolepis cedron), a Simaroubaceae tree from Costa Rica to South America; bitter quassinoid seeds used traditionally against fevers and snakebite.
Simarouba
Simarouba (aceituno, bitterwood) is a genus of six dioecious Neotropical trees in Simaroubaceae, type species Simarouba amara, native from Mexico and Florida to South America, introduced to India, and rich in medicinal quassinoids.
Simaroubaceae
Simaroubaceae, the tree-of-heaven or quassia family, is a pantropical Sapindales family of about 20 genera and 110 species of bitter-barked trees and shrubs, sister to Rutaceae and Meliaceae in the SRM clade.
Simazine
Simazine (CAS 122-34-9), a chlorotriazine pre-emergence herbicide introduced in 1956 and first triazine registered in the US, inhibits photosynthesis in weeds; persistent, mobile, detected in groundwater, EU-banned since 2004.
Sinapis
Sinapis (mustard) is a genus of three accepted Brassicaceae species native from temperate Eurasia to North Africa; its species Sinapis alba, white or yellow mustard, is a major condiment and cover crop.
Sinapis alba
Sinapis alba (white mustard, yellow mustard, syn. Brassica hirta), an annual Brassicaceae herb with 2n=24 (SS genome), grown for condiment seed rich in sinalbin, green manure, forage, and oil.
Sinapis arvensis
Sinapis arvensis, charlock or wild mustard (synonym Brassica kaber, NCBI name Mutarda arvensis), is an annual Brassicaceae weed of Eurasian and North African origin, naturalized worldwide, with light-requiring coat-imposed seed dormancy and ALS-inhibitor-resistant Turkish biotypes.
Sino-Himalayan spruces of section Serrae
The Sino-Himalayan spruces of section Serrae are five East Asian Picea species, including dragon spruce and Taiwan spruce, distinguished by four-sided needles and centered on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
Siraitia grosvenorii
Siraitia grosvenorii (monk fruit, luo han guo, 罗汉果), a Cucurbitaceae vine native to southern China, produces mogroside V, a cucurbitane triterpene glycoside about 300 times sweeter than sucrose, used as a zero-calorie sweetener and Chinese food-medicine.
Sisal
Sisal, from Agave sisalana, is a stiff pale leaf fibre native to Mexico's Yucatan, used for rope, twine, and carpets; Brazil, Tanzania, and Kenya lead production of about 234,000 tonnes a year.
Sison
Sison L. is a genus of three accepted Apiaceae species, including stone-parsley (Sison amomum), native from western and southern central Europe to the Mediterranean, with seeds used as flavoring.
Sisymbrium
Sisymbrium (hedge mustards, rockets) is a genus of Brassicaceae herbs published by Linnaeus in 1753, lectotype S. altissimum; about 41-90 species, Miocene origin in the Irano-Turanian region, yellow flowers and 3-nerved linear siliques.
Sisyrinchium
Sisyrinchium (blue-eyed grass), genus of annual and perennial herbs in Iridaceae, native from Hawaii and the Americas to the Falkland Islands, with about 212 accepted species, ten phylogenetic sections, and oil-producing flowers in some lineages.
Sitka spruce
Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), also called tideland spruce, is the largest spruce, growing on the Pacific coast from Alaska to California and exceeding 100 m.
Sium
Sium (water parsnips), Apiaceae genus of glabrous perennial wetland herbs of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, about 9-10 species including skirret (S. sisarum) and S. suave.
Sium sisarum
Sium sisarum, skirret (crummock, Zuckerwurzel), a tuberous Apiaceae perennial native from Central and Southeast Europe to SW Siberia and N Afghanistan, grown on a small scale for its sweet clustered roots, 2n=12, IUCN Least Concern.
Smallanthus
Smallanthus is a genus of about 20-23 tuberous-rooted Asteraceae (Millerieae, Espeletiinae) from the USA to Argentina, named by Mackenzie in 1933; its best-known species is yacon, Smallanthus sonchifolius.
Smilacaceae
Smilacaceae (catbrier or greenbrier family) is a monocot family in Liliales of climbing, prickly, tendril-bearing vines, now usually one genus Smilax with about 200-370 species, dioecious with berry fruits, cosmopolitan and richest in Asia.
Sod
Sod is farm-grown turfgrass harvested as squares or rolls with soil attached for instant lawns and erosion control; faster but costlier than seed, with an eight-hour post-harvest installation window.
Softwood
Softwood is wood produced by gymnosperm trees, botanically the cone-bearing conifers with needle- or scale-like evergreen leaves, a name that is a well-known misnomer since some softwoods are harder than some hardwoods.
Solanaceae
Solanaceae, the nightshade family (nightshades), is a Solanales plant family of 103 genera and about 3,000 species, most diverse in the Neotropics; it includes potato, tomato, pepper, tobacco, and Petunia, with almost half its species in Solanum.
Solanales
Solanales, an order of lamiid flowering plants with five families (Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Hydroleaceae, Montiniaceae, Sphenocleaceae), about 165 genera and 3,945 species, including potato, tomato, eggplant, and morning glories.
Solanine
Solanine (α-solanine, CAS 20562-02-1) is a toxic steroidal glycoalkaloid of nightshade plants, mainly potatoes, with a solanidine aglycone; acute LOAEL 1 mg/kg body weight, heat-stable, concentrated in peel, sprouts, and green tissue.
Solanum
Solanum (nightshades) is the largest genus of Solanaceae, about 1,200-1,400 species, cosmopolitan, originating in South America; includes potato, tomato, and eggplant, divided into 13 clades.