3,306 articles
Solanum aethiopicum
Solanum aethiopicum, African or scarlet eggplant, garden eggs, bitter tomato: a Solanaceae cultigen domesticated in northeast Africa from Solanum anguivi, with Gilo, Shum, Kumba, and Aculeatum cultivar groups, grown across sub-Saharan Africa for fruits and leaves.
Solanum aviculare
Solanum aviculare (poroporo, kangaroo apple) is a diploid (2n=46) Solanum shrub native to New Zealand, eastern Australia, and New Guinea, with mauve flowers and orange berries, cultivated for solasodine steroid precursors and distinct from the tetraploid S. laciniatum.
Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara, bittersweet or woody nightshade, a toxic Solanaceae vine native to Eurasia and North Africa, invasive in North America, with red glycoalkaloid berries and EU-approved stem preparations for mild eczema.
Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) is a hexaploid Solanaceae herb native from Europe to temperate East Asia and tropical Africa, with white flowers, dull black berries, solanine glycoalkaloids, and long use in TCM and as cooked food.
Solanum sessiliflorum
Solanum sessiliflorum, cocona, cubiu, topiro, Orinoco apple, or peach tomato: an Amazonian Solanaceae fruit crop native to western Amazonia, grown at 200–1000 m, rich in vitamin C, iron, and bioactive flavonoids, used for juices, jams, and medicine.
Solanum torvum
Solanum torvum, turkey berry, devil's fig, pea eggplant: a prickly Solanaceae shrub native from Mexico to South America and the Caribbean, naturalized pantropically, grown for small edible berries, traditional medicine, and eggplant rootstock.
Soleirolia soleirolii
Soleirolia soleirolii, baby's tears or mind-your-own-business (Helxine soleirolii), a creeping evergreen Urticaceae perennial from the west-central Mediterranean, grown as a moss-like ground cover and houseplant, spreading from tiny stem fragments.
Solidago
Solidago (goldenrod), Asteraceae genus of about 140 species mostly native to North America; S. canadensis, S. gigantea, S. altissima are invasive in Europe and Asia; S. virgaurea is a medicinal herb.
Solidago virgaurea
Solidago virgaurea L., European goldenrod, is a perennial Asteraceae herb native from western Europe to Central Siberia and Luzon, type species of Solidago, used as Solidaginis virgaureae herba for urinary tract conditions.
Soliva
Soliva Ruiz & Pav. (burrweed, onehunga weed) is a small Asteraceae genus in tribe Anthemideae, native Mexico to South America, with about 6 species; Soliva sessilis is a spiny-fruited lawn burweed naturalized worldwide.
Sonchus
Sonchus (sow thistles), genus of about 98-99 Asteraceae species in tribe Cichorieae, native Old World to Australia and Pacific islands; wild greens, medicines, fodder, and major weeds such as S. oleraceus.
Sonchus oleraceus
Sonchus oleraceus (annual or common sowthistle) is a cosmopolitan Asteraceae weed native to Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Sahara to Arabia, reproducing only by wind-dispersed seed and a major herbicide-resistant crop weed, also used as food and medicine.
Sophora
Sophora (necklacepod) is a genus of 64 accepted legume species (Fabaceae) with pinnate leaves and moniliform pods, cosmopolitan from Asia to the Pacific, originating ca. 31 Mya in Central Asia, rich in quinolizidine alkaloids.
Sophora flavescens
Sophora flavescens (Kushen, 苦参), shrubby sophora or bitter ginseng, is a Fabaceae subshrub native from Siberia to temperate East Asia whose alkaloid- and flavonoid-rich root is a major traditional Chinese medicine.
Sorbus
Sorbus L. (rowans, whitebeams, service trees) is a Rosaceae genus of temperate Northern Hemisphere trees and shrubs; type species S. aucuparia, polyphyletic in the broad sense, split into several genera, with apomixis and polyploidy driving its many microspecies.
Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia, rowan or European mountain ash, is a Rosaceae tree native from Europe to Iran and East Asia, with white corymbs and orange-red berries, widely planted, least concern, fireblight-susceptible.
Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum or jowar, is a drought-tolerant cereal grass grown for grain, forage, and syrup, and the world's fifth most important cereal crop.
Sorghum halepense
Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass) is a perennial rhizomatous Poaceae grass, a S. bicolor x S. propinquum hybrid polyploid, native from Macaronesia to Indo-China and one of the world's worst agricultural weeds, with up to 28,000 seeds per plant and herbicide-resistant biotypes.
Sorrel
Sorrel, chiefly common sorrel (Rumex acetosa, garden sorrel), a sour-leaved perennial dock of Polygonaceae native to temperate Eurasia and NW Africa, used in sauces, salads, and herbal medicine; high in oxalic acid; distinct from wood sorrel (Oxalis) and roselle.
Soursop
Soursop (Annona muricata, graviola, guanábana) is a tropical Annonaceae tree with large spined green fruit, over 200 phytochemicals including neurotoxic-potential acetogenins, traditional and supplement use against cancer, and no established safe intake level.
South Indian parotta
South Indian parotta (porotta), a flaky layered maida flatbread of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Jaffna, distinct from North Indian paratha; basis of kothu parotta, Malaysia's roti canai, and Singapore's roti prata.
Spanish moss
Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides), a gray epiphytic bromeliad of the Americas, not a moss or parasite; feeds via trichomes from air and rain, hosts bats and nesting birds, and once fueled a Southern stuffing industry.
Sparganium
Sparganium (bur-reed) is a genus of about 14-20 aquatic monocot species in Typhaceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with unisexual spherical flower heads and floating or emergent growth forms.
Spartina alterniflora
Spartina alterniflora, now Sporobolus alterniflorus, smooth or saltmarsh cordgrass, a C4 salt marsh grass native from eastern Canada to Argentina, dominant in low marsh, invasive in China and San Francisco Bay, parent of Spartina xtownsendii.
Spartium junceum
Spartium junceum, known as Spanish broom (Spanish: retama de olor), is a shrub in the legume family, native to the Mediterranean and grown for fragrant yellow flowers but invasive elsewhere.
Spathiphyllum
Spathiphyllum, peace lily, is a genus of about 40-60 evergreen Araceae herbs from tropical America and Malesia, grown as houseplants for white spathes; toxic from calcium oxalates.
Spathoglottis plicata
Spathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid, anggrek tanah) is a terrestrial Orchidaceae species described by Blume in 1825, native from tropical Asia to the Pacific, cultivated as an ornamental, and rated invasive in Florida by UF/IFAS.
Spätzle
Spätzle (Schwäbische Spätzle/Schwäbische Knöpfle) are small Central European egg noodles or dumplings from a soft flour-egg batter, scraped or pressed into boiling water; a Swabian staple with PGI protection since 2012.
Spearmint
Spearmint (Mentha spicata), also called garden mint, is a strongly aromatic perennial herb grown worldwide as a culinary herb and source of carvone-rich essential oil.
Spelt
Spelt, also known as Triticum spelta or Dinkel wheat, is a hulled wheat grown as a cereal crop and a major bread grain in Central Europe into the 20th century.