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Polypodium glycyrrhiza
Polypodium glycyrrhiza, the licorice fern, is a Pacific Rim epiphytic fern of Polypodiaceae from Kamchatka and Alaska to California, summer deciduous on mossy bigleaf maples, with a sweet polypodoside rhizome chewed by Indigenous peoples.
Polypodium vulgare
Polypodium vulgare (common polypody) is a temperate fern of Polypodiaceae, type species of Polypodium, described by Linnaeus in 1753; an allotetraploid restricted to Europe, with rhizome used as a traditional EMA-listed expectorant.
Polypogon
Polypogon (rabbitsfoot grass, beard grass) is a genus of annual and perennial grasses in Poaceae, published by Desfontaines in 1798, with fluffy awned spike-like panicles, one-flowered deciduous spikelets, and a Mediterranean-centered distribution; the type species is P. monspeliensis.
Polystachya
Polystachya Hook. (yellowspike orchid) is a conserved pantropical orchid genus of about 240-250 epiphytic, lithophytic, or terrestrial species, richest in Africa, with pseudopollen food hairs instead of nectar and a non-monophyletic Polystachya concreta complex.
Polystichum
Polystichum (hollyfern, shield fern) is a cosmopolitan fern genus of Dryopteridaceae with roughly 400-500 species, evergreen fronds, and single-row sori with peltate indusia; most diverse in East Asia.
Polystichum acrostichoides
Polystichum acrostichoides, the Christmas fern, is an evergreen Dryopteridaceae fern native from eastern Canada to northeastern Mexico. Dimorphic fronds, winter leaf prostration, spores June–October, common shade-garden ornamental.
Polystichum munitum
Polystichum munitum, western swordfern, is an evergreen Dryopteridaceae fern of Pacific Coast forests from Alaska to Baja California, with 0.3-1.2 m toothed fronds, single-row sori, and close relation to P. imbricans.
Polytrichum
Polytrichum (hair-cap mosses) is the type genus of Polytrichaceae mosses, with sheathing-blade leaves bearing photosynthetic lamellae, internal hydrome/leptome conducting strands, 64-toothed peristomes on an epiphragm, and a Late Cretaceous fossil record.
Polytrichum commune
Polytrichum commune (common haircap moss), a large acrocarpous moss of Polytrichaceae with vertical photosynthetic leaf lamellae, hydrom-leptom conducting tissue, 4-angled capsules, and Northern Hemisphere temperate-boreal distribution.
Polytrichum juniperinum
Polytrichum juniperinum (juniper haircap moss), family Polytrichaceae: a cosmopolitan acrocarpous moss of dry acidic sites and burned soils, with entire leaf margins, 64-toothed capsules, and dioecious reproduction.
Pomato
Pomato (馬鈴茄), also called TomTato or tomtato, is a tomato scion grafted onto a potato rootstock, yielding both crops from one plant; first fruited by Oscar Soderholm in 1930, commercialized as TomTato in 2013, not a GMO.
Pome
A pome is a fleshy fruit of the rose family, such as the apple, pear, quince, or medlar, whose flesh derives from the hypanthium around a leathery core, the true fruit.
Pomelo
Pomelo (柚), Citrus maxima, also called pummelo or shaddock, is an ancestral Asian citrus species with large, mild, sweet fruit; the grapefruit is its hybrid with sweet orange (about 63% pomelo DNA).
Pometia pinnata
Pometia pinnata (tava, matoa, kasai, oceanic lychee) is a Sapindaceae tree native from Sri Lanka and Yunnan to the Pacific, to 50 m tall, grown for timber and sweet lychee-like edible fruit.
Pongamia
Pongamia (pongam, Indian beech, Millettia pinnata) is a genus of nitrogen-fixing legume trees in Fabaceae native from tropical Asia to the western Pacific; its oil-rich seeds (about 40% oil) are a biofuel feedstock, and it is used for medicine, shade, and land restoration.
Pontederia
Pontederia is a genus of roughly two dozen aquatic flowering plants in the family Pontederiaceae, known for the pickerelweeds and the water hyacinth, one of the world's worst invasive aquatic plants.
Pontederiaceae
Pontederiaceae (water-hyacinth family), aquatic monocot herbs in Commelinales; about 25 species, now often 2 genera (Heteranthera, Pontederia); includes invasive water hyacinth and tristylous pickerelweeds.
Popcorn
Popcorn (Zea mays everta) is a flint-type maize whose thick pericarp lets steam pressure reach about 135 psi before rupture at ~180 °C, popping kernels 30–40-fold; distinct from dent, sweet, and flint corn.
Poppy
Poppy: flowering plant of the family Papaveraceae (41 genera, ~700 species), especially Papaver somniferum, the opium poppy, source of opium, morphine, codeine, and edible poppy seed; also the red common poppy and ornamental genera like Eschscholzia and Meconopsis.
Poppy seed
Poppy seed, the edible seed of Papaver somniferum (opium poppy, hul gil), used in bakery foods and oil; seeds are alkaloid-free inside but contaminated with morphine and codeine latex residue, monitored by FDA and EFSA.
Populus
Populus (poplars, aspens, cottonwoods) is a genus of about 61 accepted species of fast-growing dioecious trees in Salicaceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere; major sources of pulp, plywood, and phytoremediation, and the model tree genus for genomics.
Populus × canadensis
Populus × canadensis Moench, 1785, hybrid black poplar or Carolina poplar, is the artificial hybrid of P. deltoides and P. nigra, originating in France about 1750, widely grown for fast timber production.
Populus alba
Populus alba (white poplar, abele, silver-leaf poplar) is a Salicaceae tree native from Central and Southern Europe to Xinjiang and the West Himalaya, with white-woolly leaf undersides, riparian habitat, timber and medicinal uses, and model status in drought stress research.
Populus balsamifera
Populus balsamifera, balsam poplar or tacamahac, is the northernmost American hardwood, a fast-growing Salicaceae floodplain tree from Newfoundland to Alaska, used for pulp and construction and hybridizing with P. trichocarpa.
Populus deltoides
Populus deltoides, eastern cottonwood (also plains cottonwood, necklace poplar), a fast-growing Salicaceae tree of North American floodplains; dioecious, millions of wind- and water-dispersed seeds, three subspecies, IUCN Least Concern.
Populus euphratica
Populus euphratica (胡杨), Euphrates or desert poplar, Salicaceae tree from North Africa to Mongolia; relict salt- and drought-tolerant riparian species, IUCN Least Concern, key to arid-land restoration.
Populus nigra
Populus nigra, the black poplar (Lombardy poplar is its cv. Italica), is a dioecious European riparian tree, a floodplain keystone species, threatened by habitat loss and hybrid introgression; Britain's native subsp. betulifolia has about 7,000 trees.
Populus tomentosa
Populus tomentosa (毛白杨), commonly the Chinese white poplar, is a deciduous tree of the willow family native to China and widely planted in the north for timber and pulp.
Populus tremula
Populus tremula, European or common aspen (Salicaceae), a temperate Eurasian and North African dioecious tree whose flattened leaf petioles make its leaves tremble; wind-dispersed fluffy seeds, wood for pulp and construction, IUCN Least Concern.
Populus tremuloides
Populus tremuloides, quaking or trembling aspen, is North America's most widespread tree, a clonal Salicaceae species regenerating by root suckers, with flattened petioles causing leaf quaking and aspen stands acting as natural firebreaks.