4,295 articles
Salix caprea
Salix caprea (goat willow, pussy willow), a dioecious Eurasian pioneer willow described by Linnaeus in 1753, flowering in early spring; introduced and naturalized in North America and assessed for weed risk in Australia.
Salix herbacea
Salix herbacea (dwarf willow, snowbed willow), a dioecious clonal dwarf willow of subarctic and subalpine Europe and North America, forming mats under 10 cm, common in snowbeds, sensitive to earlier snowmelt.
Salix nigra
Salix nigra (black willow, swamp willow) is the largest and only commercially important North American willow, a fast-growing, short-lived dioecious tree of eastern US, Canadian, and Mexican floodplains, IUCN Least Concern, widely used for streambank stabilization.
Salix purpurea
Salix purpurea (purple willow, purple osier) is a Eurasian and North African willow shrub, 1–6 m, with opposite narrow leaves and fused stamens, cultivated for basketry osiers and salicin-rich bark (4–8%), IUCN Least Concern, diploid 2n=38.
Salix viminalis
Salix viminalis (common osier, basket willow, 吐兰柳), a Linnaean 1753 willow of Salicaceae native from Central Europe to Siberia and Xinjiang, grown for basketry, bioenergy coppice hybrids, and phytoremediation of metals and organic pollutants.
Salsola
Salsola (saltwort, Russian thistle) is a genus of salt-tolerant Amaranthaceae herbs and shrubs, native from Eurasia to Australia and Africa, with C4 photosynthesis, split by molecular phylogeny into several lineages, and including invasive tumbleweeds.
Salsola tragus
Salsola tragus (Russian thistle, tumbleweed, Kali tragus) is an annual Eurasian amaranth introduced to South Dakota in the 1870s that now infests about 41 million hectares of the western United States as a widespread invasive tumbleweed.
Salt Stress
Salt stress: plant abiotic stress from excess soil salts, mainly NaCl, acting via osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidative damage; managed by SOS, NHX, HKT transporters, osmotic adjustment, and breeding.
Salvadora persica
Salvadora persica, known as Arak or Peelu, is an evergreen shrub or small tree whose twigs are the traditional miswak chewing stick used as a natural toothbrush.
Salvia
Salvia (sages), largest genus of Lamiaceae with roughly 900-1000 species, cosmopolitan herbs and shrubs defined by two stamens forming a pollen-depositing lever mechanism; includes culinary sage Salvia officinalis.
Salvia divinorum
Salvia divinorum (Diviner's Sage, Maria Pastora, Sally-D), a perennial mint native to Oaxaca, Mexico, used by Mazatec shamans; its diterpene salvinorin A is the only known non-alkaloidal hallucinogen and a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, producing short-lived dissociative effects; not federally scheduled in the US but banned in many states.
Salvia hispanica
Salvia hispanica (chia) is an annual Lamiaceae herb native to Mexico and Guatemala, domesticated in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica; its seeds, rich in fiber, protein, and alpha-linolenic acid, are a globally marketed functional food.
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen, 丹参), red sage, a Lamiaceae perennial native to China and Vietnam whose dried root is a major traditional Chinese medicine for cardiovascular disease, containing tanshinones and salvianolic acids.
Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis, common or culinary sage, is a Mediterranean evergreen subshrub of the mint family grown for aromatic gray-green leaves used in cooking and herbal medicine; its thujone-rich essential oil is regulated by the EMA.
Salvia pratensis
Salvia pratensis, known as meadow clary or meadow sage, is a perennial herb of the mint family native to Europe and known for its staminal lever mechanism.
Salvia sclarea
Salvia sclarea (clary sage), Lamiaceae herb native Mediterranean to W. Himalaya; essential oil rich in linalyl acetate and linalool; sclareol yields Ambroxide fixative; antimicrobial, anthelmintic uses.
Salvia yangii
Salvia yangii, commonly known as Russian sage, is a deciduous subshrub of the mint family, native from Afghanistan to western China and grown for its blue flowers.
Salvinia
Salvinia, watermoss or water spangles, a genus of free-floating aquatic ferns; giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta, Kariba weed) is a sterile hybrid invasive weed doubling in 7–10 days, controlled by Cyrtobagous salviniae weevils, and its egg-beater leaf hairs inspire the Salvinia effect in biomimetics.
Salvinia effect
The Salvinia effect, also called the Salvinia paradox, is the persistent retention of an air layer on a surface submerged in water, named for the floating fern Salvinia.
Salvinia in aquaria and cultivation
Salvinia in aquaria and cultivation covers growing floating Salvinia ferns in tanks and ponds, including which species are actually sold, light and nutrient needs, and restrictions on giant salvinia.
Salvinia invasions and control
Salvinia invasions are the uncontrolled spread of floating ferns, above all giant salvinia, which forms dense mats that block navigation and are controlled chemically, mechanically, and with weevils.
Salvinia molesta
Salvinia molesta (giant salvinia, Kariba weed) is a sterile, free-floating aquatic fern from southeastern Brazil that reproduces vegetatively, doubles biomass in days, forms mats up to 1 m thick, and is controlled worldwide by the weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae.
Salvinia natans
Salvinia natans (floating watermoss, 槐叶蘋, サンショウモ) is a small free-floating aquatic fern native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa, an annual that reproduces by frost-sensitive spores and vegetative ramets, and is often confused in trade with invasive giant salvinia.
Salviniales
Salviniales (water ferns, Hydropteridales) is an order of about 70 heterosporous aquatic fern species in Marsileaceae and Salviniaceae, including Salvinia and Azolla, with sporocarps and rice biofertilizer use.
Samanea
Samanea (Benth.) Merr., a Fabaceae genus of Central and South American trees with 3 accepted species; its rain tree (S. saman, syn. Albizia saman) is a nitrogen-fixing shade tree up to 60 m tall with an 80 m crown.
Samanea saman
Samanea saman (rain tree, cow-tamarind; synonym Albizia saman), a Fabaceae tree native from Central America to Venezuela and Ecuador, widely planted in the tropics for shade, timber, and fodder, invasive in Fiji and Hawaii, and a model plant for nyctinastic leaf movement.
Sambucus
Sambucus (elder, elderberry) is a genus of about 20-22 accepted species in Viburnaceae, native to temperate and tropical-mountain regions worldwide; includes S. nigra, S. canadensis, and S. cerulea, used for food and medicine but toxic except ripe fruit and flowers.
Sambucus canadensis
Sambucus canadensis, American elderberry (sureau du Canada), a Viburnaceae shrub native from North America to Venezuela and Bolivia; also treated as Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis; cooked purple-black berries edible, used in food, medicine, and wildlife plantings.
Sambucus nigra
Sambucus nigra, black elder or European elderberry, a Viburnaceae shrub native to Europe to W. Iran, grown for elderflower cordial, berries, and medicine; clinical evidence for cold and flu benefit is uncertain.
Sambucus racemosa
Sambucus racemosa, the red elderberry or red-berried elder, is a deciduous shrub of North America and Eurasia with white flower clusters and toxic-when-raw red berries.