4,295 articles
Ruta graveolens
Ruta graveolens, common rue, is an aromatic Rutaceae subshrub native from the N. Balkan Peninsula to Crimea, cultivated as a medicinal herb; furanocoumarins make it phototoxic and abortifacient.
Rutabaga
Rutabaga, also called swede or Swedish turnip (Brassica napus Napobrassica group), is a cool-season root vegetable with yellow flesh, smooth bluish leaves, and a ridged leaf-scar neck, larger and sweeter than the turnip.
Rutaceae
Rutaceae, the rue or citrus family (Rutaceae Juss., 1789), is a Sapindales family of 161 genera and 2,070 species of aromatic trees, shrubs and lianas with pellucid oil glands, including Citrus, Pilocarpus, and Zanthoxylum.
Rye
Rye (Secale cereale) is a winter-hardy cereal grain, a secondary domesticate from a weed of wheat and barley fields, dominant in medieval Germany from about 1000 CE; today the EU grows 68.4 percent of world output, used for bread, feed, spirits, and cover cropping.
Sabal
Sabal (palmettos), genus of New World fan palms described by Adanson in 1763; about 15 species from the southeastern USA, Caribbean, Bermuda, and Central America, defined by costapalmate fronds, unarmed petioles, and split leaf bases.
Sabal palmetto
Sabal palmetto, the cabbage palmetto or cabbage palm, is an unbranched southeastern US palm, state tree of Florida and South Carolina, hardy to about 15°F, with an edible terminal bud and high hurricane wind resistance.
Sabatia
Sabatia Adans. (rose gentian, marsh-pink) is a genus of 21 Gentianaceae herb species native from southeastern Canada to Mexico and the Caribbean, named for Italian botanist Liberato Sabbati, published 1763.
Saccharina japonica
Saccharina japonica (formerly Laminaria japonica), kombu or haidai kelp, a large cold-water brown alga native to the NW Pacific, transferred to Saccharina in 2006, and the world's most cultivated seaweed, with China producing 89.4% of the global total.
Saccharina latissima
Saccharina latissima, known as sugar kelp or sea belt, is a brown seaweed of the Northern Hemisphere, the most farmed kelp species in Europe and North America.
Saccharum
Saccharum is the Poaceae grass genus holding sugarcane; 15 accepted species native from Central and East Asia to the Old World tropics and Australia; modern cultivars are S. officinarum x S. spontaneum hybrids with an 8.7-billion-base, 114-chromosome genome.
Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum, the noble cane or sugarcane, is a tropical grass (2n=80) domesticated from S. robustum in New Guinea about 8,000 years ago; it supplies about 80% of modern hybrid cultivar genomes and most of the world's sugar.
Saccharum spontaneum
Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane, Kans grass, Canne Dauvage) is a rhizomatous Old World tropical grass, wild progenitor contributing 15-20% of modern sugarcane genomes, an invasive weed in Panama, and a bioenergy feedstock.
Sadleria
Sadleria (ʻamaʻu, ʻamaʻumaʻu) is a genus of six endemic Hawaiian tree ferns in Blechnaceae, base number x=33, named for Hungarian fern botanist Joseph Sadler; used by Hawaiians for thatch, kapa dye, and famine food.
Safflower
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), also called false saffron, is a thistle-like annual of the daisy family grown for its edible oil and historically for its red and yellow dyes.
Saga Tree
海红豆 (Hǎi Hóng Dòu), the saga tree, Adenanthera pavonina, a tropical legume tree with glossy red heart-shaped seeds used as love tokens, shade trees, fuelwood, and TCM external medicine; mildly toxic, unlike the deadly jequirity bean.
Sage
Sage (Salvia, Lamiaceae), a genus of about 1,000 aromatic mint-family species worldwide, known for lever pollination, culinary garden sage (Salvia officinalis), chia, and controversial polyphyletic taxonomy.
Sagina (organism)
Sagina (pearlwort), a genus of small Caryophyllaceae herbs named by Linnaeus in 1753, type S. procumbens; about 30-37 species, mainly north-temperate and arctic; includes horticultural Irish/Scotch moss (S. subulata).
Sagittaria
Sagittaria (arrowhead, duck potato) is a cosmopolitan genus of aquatic Alismataceae herbs published by Linnaeus in 1753, type S. sagittifolia, with sagittate leaves, unisexual whorled white flowers, edible tubers, and a South American origin.
Sago
Sago (Metroxylon sagu, rumbia): starch from the trunk of a swamp-adapted Southeast Asian palm, a staple food in eastern Indonesia and Papua; yields up to 25 t/ha, harvested after 8-12 years, with food and industrial uses.
Saguaro
Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea, O'odham Ha:san), giant columnar cactus of the Sonoran Desert; grows only there, lives 150-175 years, reaches 50 feet, fruits used by Tohono O'odham.
Salacca
Salacca is a genus of about 23 spiny, understory Arecaceae palms native from the eastern Himalaya to western Malesia; it includes Salacca zalacca, the salak or snake fruit palm, and differs from relatives like Eleiodoxa by scaly, tart edible drupes.
Salak
Salak (Salacca zalacca), snake fruit, she pi guo, is a dioecious Indonesian palm native to Java and Sumatra, grown for scaly snake-skin fruit; Central Java leads production and Bali's Karangasem salak agroforestry is a FAO heritage system.
Salem college herbarium
Salem College Herbarium, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; founded 1772, the oldest herbarium in the United States. Holds about 1,000 historical and 5,000 modern specimens; nearly lost to beetles in 2010, then restored and digitized.
Salicaceae
Salicaceae, the willow family (Salix, Populus), is a family of about 54 genera and over 1,400 species of trees and shrubs in the order Malpighiales, expanded from two genera to include former Flacourtiaceae, with major timber and environmental uses.
Salicornia
Salicornia (glasswort, samphire, sea asparagus) is a genus of about 35 to 64 accepted succulent halophyte species in Amaranthaceae, first published by Linnaeus in 1753, growing on temperate and subtropical coasts and saline inland areas, with optimal growth near 200 mM NaCl and uses as food, biofuel, and phytoremediation crop.
Salix
Salix (willows) is the largest genus of Salicaceae, 475 accepted species of dioecious catkin-bearing trees and shrubs native from subarctic to tropical mountains, source of salicin and willow bark medicine.
Salix × fragilis
Salix × fragilis (crack willow, brittle willow) is a hybrid willow, S. alba × S. euxina, native to Türkiye and naturalized worldwide; a 2009 redefinition and 2022 challenge surround its name.
Salix × rubra
Salix × rubra Huds. (green-leaved willow, Welsh Helygen Werdd) is a European hybrid willow, S. purpurea × S. viminalis, published 1762, a temperate shrub or small tree with linear-lanceolate leaves.
Salix alba
Salix alba, white willow, is a 25 m Eurasian Salicaceae tree with silky silvery leaf undersides, dioecious catkins, salicin-rich bark used to develop aspirin, and rare hybridization with S. fragilis.
Salix babylonica
Salix babylonica, the weeping willow or Babylon weeping willow, is a Salicaceae tree native to northern and eastern China and Korea, named by Linnaeus in 1753, widely planted as an ornamental and invasive in parts of South Africa, Australia, and Florida.