4,295 articles
Sodium silver thiosulfate
Sodium silver thiosulfate (STS, CIPAC 762) is a silver-thiosulfate complex plant growth regulator that blocks ethylene perception in plants, used on cut flowers and ornamentals; EU-approved only for indoor non-edible crops with no specific MRLs.
Softwood
Softwood is wood produced by gymnosperm trees, botanically the cone-bearing conifers with needle- or scale-like evergreen leaves, a name that is a well-known misnomer since some softwoods are harder than some hardwoods.
Solanaceae
Solanaceae, the nightshade family (nightshades), is a Solanales plant family of 103 genera and about 3,000 species, most diverse in the Neotropics; it includes potato, tomato, pepper, tobacco, and Petunia, with almost half its species in Solanum.
Solanales
Solanales, an order of lamiid flowering plants with five families (Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Hydroleaceae, Montiniaceae, Sphenocleaceae), about 165 genera and 3,945 species, including potato, tomato, eggplant, and morning glories.
Solanine
Solanine (α-solanine, CAS 20562-02-1) is a toxic steroidal glycoalkaloid of nightshade plants, mainly potatoes, with a solanidine aglycone; acute LOAEL 1 mg/kg body weight, heat-stable, concentrated in peel, sprouts, and green tissue.
Solanum
Solanum (nightshades) is the largest genus of Solanaceae, about 1,200-1,400 species, cosmopolitan, originating in South America; includes potato, tomato, and eggplant, divided into 13 clades.
Solanum aethiopicum
Solanum aethiopicum, African or scarlet eggplant, garden eggs, bitter tomato: a Solanaceae cultigen domesticated in northeast Africa from Solanum anguivi, with Gilo, Shum, Kumba, and Aculeatum cultivar groups, grown across sub-Saharan Africa for fruits and leaves.
Solanum aviculare
Solanum aviculare (poroporo, kangaroo apple) is a diploid (2n=46) Solanum shrub native to New Zealand, eastern Australia, and New Guinea, with mauve flowers and orange berries, cultivated for solasodine steroid precursors and distinct from the tetraploid S. laciniatum.
Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara, bittersweet or woody nightshade, a toxic Solanaceae vine native to Eurasia and North Africa, invasive in North America, with red glycoalkaloid berries and EU-approved stem preparations for mild eczema.
Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) is a hexaploid Solanaceae herb native from Europe to temperate East Asia and tropical Africa, with white flowers, dull black berries, solanine glycoalkaloids, and long use in TCM and as cooked food.
Solanum sessiliflorum
Solanum sessiliflorum, cocona, cubiu, topiro, Orinoco apple, or peach tomato: an Amazonian Solanaceae fruit crop native to western Amazonia, grown at 200–1000 m, rich in vitamin C, iron, and bioactive flavonoids, used for juices, jams, and medicine.
Solanum torvum
Solanum torvum, turkey berry, devil's fig, pea eggplant: a prickly Solanaceae shrub native from Mexico to South America and the Caribbean, naturalized pantropically, grown for small edible berries, traditional medicine, and eggplant rootstock.
Solazyme
Solazyme was an American biotechnology company founded in 2003 in South San Francisco that grew microalgae in fermentation tanks to make tailored oils, proteins, and food ingredients.
Soleirolia soleirolii
Soleirolia soleirolii, baby's tears or mind-your-own-business (Helxine soleirolii), a creeping evergreen Urticaceae perennial from the west-central Mediterranean, grown as a moss-like ground cover and houseplant, spreading from tiny stem fragments.
Solidago
Solidago (goldenrod), Asteraceae genus of about 140 species mostly native to North America; S. canadensis, S. gigantea, S. altissima are invasive in Europe and Asia; S. virgaurea is a medicinal herb.
Solidago virgaurea
Solidago virgaurea L., European goldenrod, is a perennial Asteraceae herb native from western Europe to Central Siberia and Luzon, type species of Solidago, used as Solidaginis virgaureae herba for urinary tract conditions.
Soliva
Soliva Ruiz & Pav. (burrweed, onehunga weed) is a small Asteraceae genus in tribe Anthemideae, native Mexico to South America, with about 6 species; Soliva sessilis is a spiny-fruited lawn burweed naturalized worldwide.
Solo papaya
The Solo papaya is a group of small, pear-shaped papaya cultivars originating in Hawaii in the early twentieth century, grown almost entirely from self-pollinating hermaphrodite plants.
Sonchus
Sonchus (sow thistles), genus of about 98-99 Asteraceae species in tribe Cichorieae, native Old World to Australia and Pacific islands; wild greens, medicines, fodder, and major weeds such as S. oleraceus.
Sonchus oleraceus
Sonchus oleraceus (annual or common sowthistle) is a cosmopolitan Asteraceae weed native to Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Sahara to Arabia, reproducing only by wind-dispersed seed and a major herbicide-resistant crop weed, also used as food and medicine.
Sophora
Sophora (necklacepod) is a genus of 64 accepted legume species (Fabaceae) with pinnate leaves and moniliform pods, cosmopolitan from Asia to the Pacific, originating ca. 31 Mya in Central Asia, rich in quinolizidine alkaloids.
Sophora flavescens
Sophora flavescens (Kushen, 苦参), shrubby sophora or bitter ginseng, is a Fabaceae subshrub native from Siberia to temperate East Asia whose alkaloid- and flavonoid-rich root is a major traditional Chinese medicine.
Sorbus
Sorbus L. (rowans, whitebeams, service trees) is a Rosaceae genus of temperate Northern Hemisphere trees and shrubs; type species S. aucuparia, polyphyletic in the broad sense, split into several genera, with apomixis and polyploidy driving its many microspecies.
Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia, rowan or European mountain ash, is a Rosaceae tree native from Europe to Iran and East Asia, with white corymbs and orange-red berries, widely planted, least concern, fireblight-susceptible.
Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum or jowar, is a drought-tolerant cereal grass grown for grain, forage, and syrup, and the world's fifth most important cereal crop.
Sorghum halepense
Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass) is a perennial rhizomatous Poaceae grass, a S. bicolor x S. propinquum hybrid polyploid, native from Macaronesia to Indo-China and one of the world's worst agricultural weeds, with up to 28,000 seeds per plant and herbicide-resistant biotypes.
Sorrel
Sorrel, chiefly common sorrel (Rumex acetosa, garden sorrel), a sour-leaved perennial dock of Polygonaceae native to temperate Eurasia and NW Africa, used in sauces, salads, and herbal medicine; high in oxalic acid; distinct from wood sorrel (Oxalis) and roselle.
Soursop
Soursop (Annona muricata, graviola, guanábana) is a tropical Annonaceae tree with large spined green fruit, over 200 phytochemicals including neurotoxic-potential acetogenins, traditional and supplement use against cancer, and no established safe intake level.
South Indian parotta
South Indian parotta (porotta), a flaky layered maida flatbread of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Jaffna, distinct from North Indian paratha; basis of kothu parotta, Malaysia's roti canai, and Singapore's roti prata.
Southern Hemisphere quillworts
Southern Hemisphere quillworts are small, grass-like aquatic to semi-aquatic Isoetes species of nutrient-poor wetlands, native to Africa, Australasia, and South America, with northern-central South America the richest hotspot.