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Soybean
Soybean (Glycine max, 大豆 not sourced; English only) is a legume domesticated from Glycine soja in China's Huang-Huai Valley, the world's largest oilseed crop, grown mainly for animal feed meal and oil, led by Brazil and the United States.
Spanish moss
Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides), a gray epiphytic bromeliad of the Americas, not a moss or parasite; feeds via trichomes from air and rain, hosts bats and nesting birds, and once fueled a Southern stuffing industry.
Sparganium
Sparganium (bur-reed) is a genus of about 14-20 aquatic monocot species in Typhaceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with unisexual spherical flower heads and floating or emergent growth forms.
Spartina alterniflora
Spartina alterniflora, now Sporobolus alterniflorus, smooth or saltmarsh cordgrass, a C4 salt marsh grass native from eastern Canada to Argentina, dominant in low marsh, invasive in China and San Francisco Bay, parent of Spartina xtownsendii.
Spartium junceum
Spartium junceum, known as Spanish broom (Spanish: retama de olor), is a shrub in the legume family, native to the Mediterranean and grown for fragrant yellow flowers but invasive elsewhere.
Spathiphyllum
Spathiphyllum, peace lily, is a genus of about 40-60 evergreen Araceae herbs from tropical America and Malesia, grown as houseplants for white spathes; toxic from calcium oxalates.
Spathoglottis plicata
Spathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid, anggrek tanah) is a terrestrial Orchidaceae species described by Blume in 1825, native from tropical Asia to the Pacific, cultivated as an ornamental, and rated invasive in Florida by UF/IFAS.
Spätzle
Spätzle (Schwäbische Spätzle/Schwäbische Knöpfle) are small Central European egg noodles or dumplings from a soft flour-egg batter, scraped or pressed into boiling water; a Swabian staple with PGI protection since 2012.
Spearmint
Spearmint (Mentha spicata), also called garden mint, is a strongly aromatic perennial herb grown worldwide as a culinary herb and source of carvone-rich essential oil.
Spelt
Spelt, also known as Triticum spelta or Dinkel wheat, is a hulled wheat grown as a cereal crop and a major bread grain in Central Europe into the 20th century.
Spergula
Spergula (spurry) is a Caryophyllaceae genus of annual herbs, published by Linnaeus in 1753, native to temperate Eurasia and southern South America; S. arvensis, corn spurrey, is a cereal weed producing 5,000-10,000 seeds per plant.
Spergula arvensis
Spergula arvensis (corn spurrey, corn spurry, sandweed) is an annual Caryophyllaceae weed of sandy acid arable land, native from Europe to NW. India and tropical Africa, with tiny whorled linear leaves, white flowers, a persistent seed bank, and ALS-herbicide-resistant biotypes in Norway.
Spergularia
Spergularia, sand-spurreys or sea-spurreys, a conserved genus of about 60-67 herbs in Caryophyllaceae, type S. rubra, diverse in the Mediterranean and temperate South America, mostly in saline coastal habitats.
Spermacoce alata
Spermacoce alata Aubl. (syn. Borreria alata, S. latifolia), broadleaf buttonweed, a Rubiaceae herb native from Colombia to northern South America and W. Brazil, naturalized weed and medicinal plant in Asia, Africa, and Oceania.
Sphaeropteris
Sphaeropteris (Bernhardi, 1801) is a genus of about 105 scaly tree ferns in Cyatheaceae, sister to all other genera and defined by conform scales, native from Mexico and the Caribbean to southern China and the South Pacific, absent from Africa and Madagascar.
Sphagnicolous organisms
Sphagnicolous organisms are the animals and microbes living in Sphagnum moss, including tyrphobiont spiders and beetles, nesting ants, mites, tardigrades, and testate amoebae; Peus coined tyrphobiont in 1928.
Sphagnum
Sphagnum, also known as peat moss, is a genus of some 250 to 380 moss species that dominates boreal wetlands and builds the peat beneath bogs.
Sphagnum capillifolium
Sphagnum capillifolium, acute-leaved bogmoss, a red hummock-forming peat moss of Northern Hemisphere bogs, closely related to and long confused with S. rubellum; NCBI taxid 128189, section Acutifolia.
Sphagnum cuspidatum
Sphagnum cuspidatum, Feathery Bog-moss (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.), the most aquatic British peat moss, grows submerged in acidic bog pools and ditches; fastest-growing Sphagnum, part of a species complex including S. viride.
Sphagnum fuscum
Sphagnum fuscum, rusty bog-moss (Rusty Bog-moss), a brown hummock-forming peat moss of boreal bogs; key peat former with 3–11.2 mm/yr shoot growth, 13-fold biomass response to warming, and Holarctic distribution.
Sphagnum moss as a wound dressing
Dried Sphagnum moss was used as an absorbent, mildly antiseptic surgical wound dressing, most extensively during the First World War, when it was at least twice as absorptive as cotton wool.
Sphagnum palustre
Sphagnum palustre (Blunt-leaved Bogmoss, prairie sphagnum; synonym S. cymbifolium) is a large diploid peat moss of section Sphagnum, widespread in Europe, Asia, and North America, with a wide pale stem cortex, 4-6 branches per fascicle, and varieties palustre and centrale.
Sphagnum papillosum
Sphagnum papillosum (Papillose Bog-moss, Lindb.) is a peat-forming bog moss of section Sphagnum, common on raised and blanket bogs, ochre-brown without red, identified by minute cell-wall papillae at x400.
Sphagnum sect. Rigida, Polyclada and Ambigua
Sphagnum sect. Rigida, Polyclada and Ambigua are groups of peat mosses. Sect. Rigida has five species worldwide except Antarctica, and sect. Polyclada contains the distinctive Sphagnum wulfianum.
Sphagnum sect. Sphagnum
Sphagnum sect. Sphagnum, the peat section, is a group of typically large, hummock-forming peat mosses including S. magellanicum, S. papillosum, S. palustre, and S. centrale.
Sphagnum sect. Subsecunda
Sphagnum section Subsecunda is a major lineage of peat mosses, about 99 species worldwide, recognized by rows of pores on branch leaves and a preference for mineral-rich fens.
Sphagnum squarrosum
Sphagnum squarrosum (Spiky Bog-moss, Crome Sphagnum), section Squarrosa peat moss with strongly squarrose branch leaves, large terminal bud, thin stem cortex; nutrient-rich fens and wet woods, not a peat-former; circumboreal plus New Zealand and South America.
Sphagnum subsecundum species complex
The Sphagnum subsecundum species complex is a group of morphologically intergrading peat mosses in section Subsecunda, including haploid and allopolyploid diploid species restricted to Europe and eastern North America.
Spice
Spice: dried plant parts (fruits, seeds, bark, rhizomes, buds) used for flavor, color, preservation, or medicine; allspice (Pimenta dioica) is the only major spice native to the New World, with Jamaica producing about 70% of world supply.
Spikenard
Spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi, jatamansi, Sumbul-ut-Tib) is a critically endangered Himalayan aromatic herb, CITES Appendix II listed, used in Ayurveda and Unani medicine, with Nepal supplying most global rhizome trade.