4,295 articles
Calabash
Calabash, most often the bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (ユウガオ), an African-domesticated climbing cucurbit grown for edible young fruits and hard shells used as utensils, instruments, and watermelon rootstock; distinct from Crescentia cujete.
Calabaza
Calabaza, also called West Indian pumpkin or kalabasa, is the tropical pumpkin of the squash species Cucurbita moschata, grown for its large, sweet, deep-orange-fleshed fruit across Latin America and the Caribbean.
Caladenia
Caladenia (spider orchids), genus of over 250 geophytic terrestrial orchids in tribe Diurideae, described by Robert Brown in 1810, native Java to Australia and New Zealand, with 71 Australian species federally threatened.
Caladium
Caladium, a genus of Araceae tuberous foliage plants including Caladium bicolor and the hybrid Caladium x hortulanum, grown for colorful heart-shaped leaves; Florida produces nearly all commercial tubers, centered on Lake Placid.
Caladium cultivars
Caladium cultivars are named selections of Caladium bicolor and its hybrids grown for patterned foliage in white, red, and pink, with Florida supplying over 95 percent of world tubers.
Calamagrostis
Calamagrostis, known as reed grass, is a genus of about 130 species of perennial grasses in the grass family Poaceae, found from Himalayan meadows to North American prairies.
Calamagrostis arenaria
Calamagrostis arenaria, commonly called marram grass or European beachgrass and formerly Ammophila arenaria, is a dune-building perennial grass native to European coasts and planted widely for sand stabilization.
Calamansi
Calamansi (kalamansi, 四季橘), Citrus × microcarpa, is a mandarin × kumquat hybrid citrus grown mainly in the Philippines; small tart aromatic fruit used as juice, seasoning, and home remedy, about 107,620 metric tons produced in 2025.
Calamites
Calamites is a genus of extinct tree-like horsetails, related to modern Equisetum, that co-dominated the swamp forests of the Carboniferous Period some 300 million years ago.
Calanthe triplicata
Calanthe triplicata (Christmas orchid, tsururan, 三褶虾脊兰) is a widespread terrestrial orchid from tropical Asia to the Pacific, with white deceptive flowers, up to 1.3 m inflorescences, 48 synonyms, and natural hybrids with C. sylvatica.
Calathea
Calathea is a genus of Marantaceae native from S. Mexico to tropical America, with 59 accepted species after the 2012 transfer of most former Calathea species to Goeppertia; grown as patterned foliage houseplants showing nyctinasty.
Calceolaria
Calceolaria (slipper flowers, lady's purse) is a genus of about 250-310 Andean plants in Calceolariaceae, from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego, with nectarless oil-offering flowers pollinated by Centris and Chalepogenus bees.
Calea
Calea L. (Mexican dream herb, Calea ternifolia) is a species-rich Asteraceae genus native from Mexico to tropical America, with about 170 species, yellow florets, scale pappus, and sesquiterpene lactone chemistry.
Caledonian Forest
Caledonian Forest, or Caledonian pinewood, is Scotland's relict indigenous Scots pine woodland with birch and juniper. Once about 1.5 million hectares, under 2% survives; deer browsing, non-native conifers, drought and wildfire are the main threats.
Calendula
Calendula (marigold) is a Mediterranean-centered genus of Asteraceae herbs including pot marigold (Calendula officinalis), used in traditional herbal medicines, cosmetics, and food, with C. maritima Critically Endangered.
Calendula officinalis
Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), an Asteraceae herb native to the western Mediterranean, grown as an ornamental, edible flower, and traditional medicine; EU-registered herbal product Calendulae flos rich in terpenoids, flavonoids, and carotenoids.
Callaloo
Callaloo is a Caribbean dish of cooked leafy greens and the greens themselves: amaranth in Jamaica, taro/dasheen in Trinidad, where it is a crab-and-okra soup; national dish of Dominica and Trinidad & Tobago.
Callicarpa
Callicarpa (beautyberry) is a Lamiaceae genus of about 140-170 shrub and small tree species, type species C. americana, native from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific, and Australia, with showy purple drupes and mosquito-repellent leaf compounds.
Callirhoe
Callirhoe (poppy mallow, wine cup) is a genus of nine Malvaceae herbs native from the central United States to northeastern Mexico, typified by C. digitata, with gynodioecious species and the endangered Texas poppy-mallow.
Callistemon
Callistemon (bottlebrush) is an Australian genus of Myrtaceae shrubs with brush-like staminate flower spikes; Kew synonymizes it under Melaleuca, but the Australian Plant Census retains it.
Callistemon 'Captain Cook'
Callistemon 'Captain Cook' is a dwarf Australian bottlebrush cultivar of Callistemon viminalis, selected in Queensland, marketed as 'Compacta', renamed for the 1970 Bicentenary, with bright red 10-15 cm flower spikes and a 2 m rounded habit.
Callistemon 'Lilacinus'
Callistemon 'Lilacinus', the Lilac Bottlebrush, is the earliest known Callistemon cultivar, raised in Berlin in 1913 from seed collected near Como, NSW; Cheel's 1925 species name is now a synonym of Melaleuca citrina.
Callistemon 'Splendens'
Callistemon 'Splendens', also known as Callistemon citrinus 'Splendens', is an evergreen bottlebrush cultivar with arching branches and bright crimson flower spikes up to 15 cm long.
Callitriche
Callitriche, known commonly as water-starworts, is a genus of 78 species of aquatic and terrestrial herbs in Plantaginaceae, first published by Linnaeus in 1753 and almost cosmopolitan in range.
Callitris
Callitris (cypress pines), an Australian and New Caledonian conifer genus in Cupressaceae; whorled three-part leaves, softwood-dominated native forests, durable termite-resistant timber, and threatened taxa like C. oblonga subsp. parva.
Callogenesis
Callogenesis is a plant tissue culture technique that induces callus, an undifferentiated cell mass, from explants on medium with auxins and cytokinins, supporting plant regeneration and genetic transformation.
Calluna
Calluna is a monotypic Ericaceae genus whose single species, Calluna vulgaris (heather, ling), dominates European dry heathlands; a 15–60 cm evergreen subshrub with fire-adapted seed banks and four stand phases.
Callus culture
Callus culture is a plant tissue culture technique where sterile explants are grown on nutrient medium with auxin and cytokinin to produce Callus, an unorganized mass of cells.
Calocedrus decurrens
Calocedrus decurrens, incense cedar (Libocedrus decurrens), a Cupressaceae conifer native from Oregon to Baja California and western Nevada; aromatic, columnar, drought-tolerant tree whose decay-resistant wood is used for pencils and siding.
Calochlaena
Calochlaena (false bracken), a genus of five terrestrial creeping fern species in Cyatheales, native from Malesia to the SW. Pacific; published by Turner & White in 1988, formerly Culcita subg. Calochlaena.