Plants and algae

Calophyllaceae

Calophyllaceae, a pantropical family of flowering plants in Malpighiales split from Clusiaceae in APG III (2009), with 13 genera including Calophyllum, Kielmeyera, Mammea, and Mesua, secretory ducts, and coumarin chemistry.

Calophyllum

Calophyllum (beautiful leaf, Greek kalos + phyllon) is a Calophyllaceae genus of about 200 tropical evergreen tree species centered on Borneo; source of calanolide A anti-HIV lead and tamanu biodiesel oil.

Calophyllum antillanum

Calophyllum antillanum (galba, Santa Maria, calaba) is a Caribbean Calophyllaceae tree, treated by Kew as C. brasiliense var. antillanum; native to Central America and the West Indies, used for timber and shade, invasive in south Florida and Hawaii.

Calophyllum inophyllum

Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel, tamanu, mastwood, nyamplung) is a coastal tropical tree of Calophyllaceae from East Africa to the Pacific, valued for shipbuilding timber, tamanu seed oil, medicine, and biodiesel.

Calotropis

Calotropis (akund, milkweed, Aak) is an Apocynaceae genus of latex-bearing shrubs native to the Old World tropics, with three accepted species including C. procera and C. gigantea, used medicinally and as fiber plants.

Calotropis gigantea

Calotropis gigantea (crown flower, giant milkweed, madar) is an Apocynaceae shrub native to South China and tropical Asia, grown ornamentally, used in traditional medicine and fiber making, and an invasive weed in Africa, Australia, and the Pacific.

Calotropis procera

Calotropis procera (apple of sodom, calotrope, rubber bush, ushar) is a latex-bearing Apocynaceae shrub native from Africa to Indo-China, used in traditional medicine yet cardiotoxic, and an invasive weed infesting 1.8-3.7 million hectares of northern Australia.

Caltha

Caltha, the marsh marigolds or kingcups, is a genus of about 16 accepted species of wetland perennial herbs in Ranunculaceae, type species Caltha palustris, native to temperate and boreal regions of both hemispheres with Southern Hemisphere endemics.

Caltha palustris

Caltha palustris, the yellow marsh-marigold, is a perennial herb of the buttercup family with showy yellow flowers, growing in marshes and wet meadows across the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

Calvin college herbarium

Calvin University Herbarium (CALVIN), founded 1948 at Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; regional herbarium of ~16,000 specimens focused on West Michigan flora, Emma Cole project vouchers, directed by Dave Warners.

Camassia

Camassia (camas, quamash) is a genus of six North American bulbous perennials in Asparagaceae with spikes of blue, violet, or white flowers; edible bulbs were a staple Indigenous food, baked to convert inulin to fructose.

Camassia quamash

Camassia quamash (small camas, common camas, quamash) is a bulbous Asparagaceae geophyte native from western Canada to the western USA, with eight subspecies, an edible bulb harvested by Indigenous peoples for 4,000 years, and G5 conservation status.

Camelina

Camelina, known as false flax or "gold of pleasure," is an annual oilseed crop of the mustard family, native to Eastern Europe and Western Asia and grown for omega-3-rich oil and protein-rich meal.

Camellia

Camellia (山茶属) is a genus of about 241 accepted Asian evergreen species in Theaceae, including the tea plant C. sinensis, tea-oil camellia C. oleifera, and ornamentals C. japonica, C. sasanqua, and C. reticulata; its infrageneric taxonomy remains contested.

Camellia japonica

Camellia japonica (tsubaki, 山茶), the Japanese or common camellia, is an East Asian Theaceae shrub native to China, Korea, and Japan; IUCN Least Concern (2015), early-spring ornamental, source of camellia oil, and ancestor of most garden camellias.

Camellia oleifera

Camellia oleifera (tea oil camellia, oil-tea camellia) is a Theaceae shrub native from Assam to southern China and Indochina whose seeds yield camellia seed oil, the oriental olive oil, over 75% oleic acid, produced almost entirely in China.

Camellia sinensis

Camellia sinensis (茶树), the tea plant, is an evergreen Theaceae shrub from East Asia whose leaves yield white, green, oolong, and black tea; two varieties, sinensis and assamica, differ in leaf size and hardiness.

Campanula

Campanula (bellflowers), genus of Campanulaceae herbs with bell-shaped five-lobed flowers, native across the Northern hemisphere; about 455 species, polyphyletic in molecular phylogenies, including rampion and Canterbury bells.

Campanula rapunculoides

Campanula rapunculoides, creeping or rampion bellflower, a rhizomatous perennial bellflower native to Europe and Central Asia, invasive in North America, producing up to 15,000 seeds yearly.

Campanula rapunculus

Campanula rapunculus (rampion, rampion bellflower) is a biennial Campanulaceae native from Europe to Iran, once grown for its edible turnip-like roots and linked to the Rapunzel tale; not the invasive Campanula rapunculoides.

Campanula rotundifolia

Campanula rotundifolia, the harebell or common harebell (bluebell in Scotland), is a rhizomatous perennial bellflower native from Europe to the Russian Far East, a polyploid complex (2n = 34, 68, 102) of grasslands, heaths, and dunes, self-incompatible and bee pollinated.

Campanulaceae

Campanulaceae (bellflower family) is a cosmopolitan family of about 84 genera and 2,319 species in the order Asterales, including Campanula, Lobelia, Codonopsis and Platycodon, with milky latex, inferior ovaries and secondary pollen presentation.

Campomanesia

Campomanesia Ruiz & Pav. is a South American genus of about 43-45 woody Myrtaceae species in tribe Myrteae, recognized by a 4-18-locular ovary and a glandular false seed coat; includes guabiroba (C. xanthocarpa) and cambuci (C. phaea).

Cananga

Cananga is a genus of two fragrant-flowered Annonaceae trees, including Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang), native from tropical Asia to northern Australia and cultivated for ylang-ylang essential oil used in perfumery and food flavoring.

Cananga odorata

Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang, ilang-ilang), an Annonaceae tree native from southern Indo-China to Queensland, grown in tropical plantations for ylang-ylang and cananga essential oils used in perfumery and soap.

Canarina

Canarina is a small genus of flowering plants in the bellflower family, with three species disjunctly distributed between the Canary Islands and the mountains of East Africa.

Canarium

Canarium L. is a genus of about 120 dioecious tropical trees in Burseraceae, native from tropical Africa to the western Pacific; includes pili nut (C. ovatum), canarium nut (C. indicum), and Manila elemi (C. luzonicum), distinct from the mollusc genus Canarium Schumacher, 1817.