4,295 articles
Chelidonium majus
Chelidonium majus (greater celandine, Bai Qu Cai), a Papaveraceae perennial of Europe to West Siberia, contains 94 isoquinoline alkaloids with antimicrobial and antitumor activity but documented hepatotoxicity and negative oral benefit-risk.
Chelone
Chelone (turtlehead) is a genus of six perennial wetland herbs in Plantaginaceae, native from southeastern Canada to the eastern and central United States, with two-lipped white to purple flowers pollinated by bumblebees.
Chenopodium album
Chenopodium album, called fat hen or common lamb's-quarters, is an annual Eurasian herb eaten as a leaf vegetable and ranked among North America's worst crop weeds.
Cherimoya
Cherimoya (Annona cherimola), also called custard apple, is an Annonaceae fruit tree from tropical America with sweet creamy syncarp fruit; grown mainly in Spain, Peru, and Chile, hand-pollinated, with toxic annonacin-bearing seeds.
Cherry
Cherry, the stone fruit of Prunus avium (sweet) and Prunus cerasus (sour), plus duke hybrids; hybrid-origin sour cherry, 800-1,200 chill hours, bee pollination, Türkiye and Pacific States lead production.
Cherry blossom
Cherry blossom (sakura, 桜), the spring flower of ornamental Prunus trees such as Prunus serrulata and Yoshino cherry; celebrated in Japanese hanami, gifted to Washington D.C. in 1912, and a 1,200-year climate record showing earlier blooming.
Cherry tomato
Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme), small-fruited tomato indigenous to Peru–Ecuador and ancestor of cultivated tomato; Aztec tomatl; commercialized by Marks & Spencer in the 1970s, popular from the 1980s.
Chervil
Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium), also called French parsley, is an annual Apiaceae herb native from eastern Central Europe to Iran, grown for delicate parsley-anise leaves used fresh in French fines herbes; drying or heat destroys its flavor.
Chestnut
Chestnut, genus Castanea: nut trees of Asia, Europe, and North America. Covers the four main species, nutrition, cultivation, the 1904 chestnut blight that killed 3-4 billion American chestnuts, and restoration breeding.
Chia seed
Chia seed, the edible seed of Salvia hispanica, a Mesoamerican mint-family crop rich in omega-3 ALA, fiber, and calcium; mucilage-forming functional food with mixed clinical-trial evidence for cardiometabolic benefits.
Chickpea
Chickpea, also called garbanzo or Bengal gram, is an annual legume of the pea family grown for its protein-rich seeds, one of the oldest cultivated food plants.
Chicory
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), a perennial Asteraceae herb native to Europe to Central Asia, cultivated since about 300 BC; its inulin-rich root (40–60%) is used as a coffee substitute, prebiotic fiber source, and traditional digestive remedy.
Chigua
Chigua: a cycad genus named by Dennis W. Stevenson in 1990 (type Chigua restrepoi) and synonymized with Zamia by Lindstrom in 2009; also the indigenous-derived epithet of the fern-like species Zamia chigua Seem. (1854) from Colombia's Chocó.
Chili pepper
Chili pepper (Capsicum): American-native Solanaceae fruit whose capsaicin activates TRPV1, causing pungency. Domesticated in Mexico ~6,000 years ago; five domesticated species; capsaicin is an approved topical pain treatment.
China rose
China rose: common name for the tropical hibiscus Hibiscus (×) rosa-sinensis (Chinese hibiscus, shoeblack plant), a Malvaceae cultigen unknown in the wild, and also for Rosa chinensis, the repeat-flowering Chinese rose ancestor of hybrid tea roses.
Chinese bamboo weaving
Chinese bamboo weaving (竹编, zhú biān) is a traditional Chinese craft that splits bamboo into fine strips and weaves them into baskets, mats, furniture, and decorative objects, added to China's intangible cultural heritage list in 2008.
Chinmay Saha
Chinmay Saha is an Indian plant–microbe researcher at HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, known for bacterial colonization of plants and rice nitrogen nutrition.
Chives
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) are a bulbous perennial Amaryllidaceae herb of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, grown for mild onion-flavored tubular leaves, with purple spring flowers and isoalliin-dominated flavor chemistry.
Chlamydomonas
Chlamydomonas, especially Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is a unicellular biflagellate green alga and model organism for photosynthesis, cilia, and the eyespot, with a 17-chromosome haploid genome and wide use in genetics and algal biotechnology.
Chlorella
Chlorella (クロレラ), a genus of unicellular green microalgae described by Beijerinck in 1890 with type species Chlorella vulgaris; cultivated since the 1960s as a protein-rich health food, feed, and biorefinery biomass with a robust cell wall.
Chloris gayana
Chloris gayana, Rhodes grass, is a stoloniferous C4 perennial forage grass native to Africa, Macaronesia and Arabia, cultivated worldwide for pasture and hay, valued for drought and salt tolerance and erosion control.
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a (Chl a), C55H72MgN4O5, is the primary green pigment of oxygenic photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, and the ocean-color proxy measured by satellites to estimate phytoplankton biomass.
Chlorophyta
Chlorophyta, the chlorophyte green algae, is one of two main green plant clades (with Streptophyta), diverging over 1 billion years ago; marine, freshwater, and terrestrial algae with chlorophyll a and b, prasinophyte origins, and core classes Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, and Trebouxiophyceae.
Chlorophytum comosum
Chlorophytum comosum, the spider plant (also ribbon plant, spider ivy), is an African Asparagaceae perennial houseplant known for arching leaves and plantlets on hanging flower stems, with cultivars like 'Variegatum' and studied indoor air phytoremediation.
Chondrilla
Chondrilla is a genus of about 25-31 Asteraceae herbs native from the Canary Islands and North Africa to Mongolia and the Himalaya; its species C. juncea, rush skeletonweed, is a major apomictic invasive weed controlled biologically in Australia.
Chondrilla juncea
Chondrilla juncea, rush skeletonweed or skeleton weed, is an apomictic perennial Asteraceae native from Europe to Central Asia and an invasive wheat and rangeland weed in Australia and North America, spreading by seed and root buds.
Chondrus crispus
Chondrus crispus (Irish moss, carrageen moss) is a North Atlantic red alga, original source of carrageenan (E 407), a κ/λ mixture; edible, medicinal since centuries, harvested near 50,000 t in 1974, genome sequenced 2013.
Choristoneura fumiferana
Choristoneura fumiferana, the spruce budworm, is a tortricid moth whose larvae defoliate balsam fir and spruce in North American boreal forests, causing recurring outbreaks at roughly 35-year intervals that can exceed 50 million hectares.
Choy sum (菜心)
Choy sum (菜心, caixin), Brassica rapa var. parachinensis or Chinese flowering cabbage, is an Asian brassica grown for tender flowering stems; cool-season crop, 30–50 day harvest, rich in folate and vitamin C.
Christella
Christella H.Lév. (1915), a fern genus of Thelypteridaceae, about 66-70 species of Old World tropical lowland wet forests, distinguished by unicellular sporangial-stalk hairs and goniopteroid venation; type C. parasitica; fossils known from Tibet and Yunnan.