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Cistus monspeliensis
Cistus monspeliensis L. (Montpelier rock rose, estepa negra), a white-flowered Cistaceae shrub native to the Mediterranean and Macaronesia, introduced in California; drought semi-deciduous, fire-germinating, IUCN least concern, 2n=18.
Citron
Citron (Citrus medica, etrog, cedrat, Buddha's hand) is a Himalayan-native citrus species with thick-peeled, sour fruit; one of four ancestral citrus taxa, parent of the lemon, and the Sukkot ritual etrog.
Citrullus
Citrullus is a genus of seven African Cucurbitaceae species including the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), colocynth, citron melon, and egusi watermelon; the Kordofan melon is the watermelon's closest wild relative.
Citrullus colocynthis
Citrullus colocynthis, colocynth or bitter apple (alhandal, handal), a perennial desert cucurbit vine from Macaronesia to Myanmar; bitter fruits rich in cucurbitacins, used traditionally as a purgative and antidiabetic, but toxic with a narrow therapeutic index.
Citrus
Citrus is a Rutaceae genus of evergreen fruit trees (oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, mandarins) native from the Himalaya to Japan and the SW Pacific; largest world fruit crop, now threatened by huanglongbing (citrus greening).
Citrus × sinensis
Citrus × sinensis, the sweet orange, is a hybrid Rutaceae fruit tree from southern China, a sour orange × Ponkan mandarin cross, with common, navel, Valencia, and blood cultivar groups.
Citrus australasica
Citrus australasica, the Australian finger lime or caviar lime (formerly Microcitrus australasica), is a thorny Australian rainforest citrus whose finger-shaped fruits contain caviar-like juice vesicles; rich in vitamin C and phenolics, and reported tolerant to citrus greening.
Citrus limetta
Citrus limetta (limetta, sweet lime, sweet lemon) is a Mediterranean citron × sour orange citrus hybrid, now Citrus × limon var. limetta, with acid Marrakech limetta and acidless sweet forms, cultivated mainly in Morocco and Murcia, Spain.
Citrus taxonomy
Citrus taxonomy classifies the genus Citrus, contested between Swingle's 16-species system and Tanaka's up to 162; cultivated citrus are hybrids of four ancestral taxa (mandarin, pummelo, citron, micrantha), clarified by genomics.
Citrus unshiu
Citrus unshiu (ウンシュウミカン), satsuma mandarin, is a seedless easy-peeling mandarin from China/Japan, the most cold-tolerant commercial citrus, Japan's top fruit crop with 617,100 tons in 2023 and over 100 cultivars.
Clausena
Clausena (Burm.f.), a genus of aromatic shrubs and trees in Rutaceae (citrus family) native from tropical Africa and Asia to Australia; includes wampee (Clausena lansium); known for carbazole alkaloids, coumarins, and essential oils.
Clavija
Clavija Ruiz & Pav. is a Neotropical genus of about 56-60 species of understory shrubs and treelets in Primulaceae (Theophrastoideae), ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil, with large leathery leaves, orange flowers, and fleshy fruits.
Claytonia
Claytonia (springbeauties) is a genus of about 33 Montiaceae herbs native to temperate Asia and North and Central America, named for botanist John Clayton; includes edible-tubered C. virginica and miner's lettuce C. perfoliata, moved from Portulacaceae by APG III in 2009.
Clematis
Clematis, a Ranunculaceae genus of over 300 climbing and herbaceous species, is grown for year-round flowers and managed by three pruning groups based on flowering time; deep planting guards against clematis wilt.
Clematis vitalba
Clematis vitalba, old man's beard or traveller's joy, a deciduous Ranunculaceae climbing vine native from Europe to Afghanistan, creamy-white flowers and fluffy seed heads; invasive smothering weed in New Zealand and western North America.
Clementine
Clementine (Citrus clementina), a small seedless mandarin hybrid from Misserghin near Oran, Algeria, found by Father Clément Rodier and described by Trabut in 1902; mandarin x sweet orange, propagated by grafting, Mediterranean staple.
Clerodendrum
Clerodendrum (glorybower, bagflower, bleeding-heart) is a Lamiaceae genus of about 250 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas of the Old World tropics, with tubular flowers and accrescent fruiting calyces.
Clethra
Clethra (sweet pepperbush, summersweet) is a genus of about 65-86 shrub and small tree species in Clethraceae, Ericales, native disjunctly to the Americas, Madeira, and tropical-subtropical Asia, with fragrant summer racemes and vicariance-driven biogeography.
Cleyera japonica
Cleyera japonica (sakaki, サカキ), Japanese cleyera, an evergreen Pentaphylacaceae shrub or small tree from Himalaya to East Asia; sacred in Shinto, IUCN Least Concern, with fragrant white flowers and red-to-black berries.
Clitoria
Clitoria (butterfly pea genus) is a pantropical Fabaceae genus published by Linnaeus in 1753, with 30-70 species centered in northern South America; C. ternatea yields ternatins, cyclotides, and butelase-1.
Clitoria ternatea
Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea, blue pea), a perennial Fabaceae legume native to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, grown for forage and ornament and known for ternatin blue anthocyanins, cyclotides, and food-colorant use.
Clivia
Clivia, also called bush lily, is a genus of six evergreen flowering plant species in the Amaryllis family, native to South Africa and Eswatini and widely grown as houseplants.
Clofencet
Clofencet (Genesis, CAS 82691-71-0) is a Monsanto chemical hybridizing agent registered in 1997 to produce hybrid wheat by suppressing pollen in female plants; distinct from the acaricide clofentezine.
Clover
Clover (Trifolium), also called trefoils, is a legume genus of about 240+ species centered in north temperate regions; white clover (T. repens) and red clover (T. pratense) are major forage and nitrogen-fixing pasture plants.
Clubmoss ecology and conservation
Clubmoss ecology and conservation describes the habitat needs, slow reproduction, threats, and legal protection of clubmosses, spore-producing vascular plants of forest floors, bogs, and open acidic habitats.
Clubmoss morphology and life cycle
Clubmosses are spore-producing vascular plants of Lycopodiophyta that resemble mosses, with single-veined microphylls, cone-like strobili, and a dominant sporophyte generation; their tree ancestors formed coal about 300 million years ago.
Clubmosses of Europe
The clubmosses of Europe are 38 species of seed-free vascular plants in the family Lycopodiaceae, native from Iceland to the Urals and richest in Macaronesia and the Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians.
Clubmosses of North America
Clubmosses of North America describes the clubmoss family Lycopodiaceae north of Mexico, where 7 genera and 27 species grow, and how the old broad genus Lycopodium was split.
Clusia
Clusia (attorney) is a Neotropical genus of about 250-310 Clusiaceae trees and shrubs with leathery leaves and latex, the only dicotyledonous tree genus with CAM photosynthesis species.
Clusiaceae
Clusiaceae, commonly called the mangosteen family and alternatively known as Guttiferae, is a family of pantropical flowering plants in the order Malpighiales, named by John Lindley in 1836.