4,295 articles
Cyatheaceae
Cyatheaceae, the scaly tree fern family of the order Cyatheales, includes Alsophila, Cyathea, Gymnosphaera, and Sphaeropteris, about 700 tropical-mountain species with scaled trunks, x=69 chromosomes, and slow Jurassic-to-Cretaceous diversification.
Cyatheales
Cyatheales, the tree fern order, is the second largest fern order with eight families and about 750 species, mostly arborescent, originating 210–230 million years ago and dominated by Cyatheaceae.
Cycad
Cycads (Cycadales) are ancient dioecious gymnosperms with cones, palm-like leaves, and insect pollination, found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. About 300-350 species survive; 63.2% of assessed species are threatened, the highest proportion of any gymnosperm group.
Cycadaceae
Cycadaceae is the cycad family holding the single genus Cycas, about 100 to 125 species from Africa to the Pacific and Australia, defined by frond-like female megasporophylls and a Palaeogene crown age.
Cycadales
Cycadales (cycads): ancient dioecious gymnosperm order, two families, 10 genera, ~368-380 species, Permian origin, insect pollination, toxins cycasin and BMAA, 68% threatened with extinction.
Cycadeoidea
Cycadeoidea, named by Buckland in 1828, is an extinct bennettitalean genus of silicified cycad-like Mesozoic trunks with bisporangiate flower-like cones, distinct from true cycads in leaf traces and anatomy.
Cycas
Cycas is the sole genus of Cycadaceae, the sister lineage to all other cycads, with about 115 species from East Africa to the western Pacific, a Palaeogene crown age, and rapid Miocene radiations.
Cycas armstrongii
Cycas armstrongii is a fire-adapted cycad endemic to the Top End of Australia's Northern Territory, where dense stands in eucalypt savanna make it one of the world's most abundant cycads.
Cycas cultivation and horticulture
Cycas cultivation is the ornamental growing of Cycas, palm-like cycads including the sago palm (Cycas revoluta). It covers growing conditions, propagation from seed and offsets, pests, and toxicity.
Cycas media
Cycas media is a palm-like cycad of northern and eastern Australia, first described by Robert Brown in 1810, whose toxic seeds were a staple Aboriginal food after detoxification.
Cycas micronesica
Cycas micronesica, known in Chamorro as fadang, is a cycad native to Guam, Rota, Palau, and Yap whose populations collapsed after an invasive scale insect arrived in 2003.
Cycas revoluta
Cycas revoluta (sotetsu, sago cycad, Japanese sago palm) is a slow-growing dioecious cycad native to Fujian, the Ryukyus, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Taiwan; toxic cycasin-containing ornamental gymnosperm, IUCN Least Concern but threatened by the invasive cycad aulacaspis scale.
Cycas thouarsii
Cycas thouarsii is a trunk-forming cycad native to Madagascar, the Comoros, Aldabra, and East African coasts, reaching 10 m tall with distinctly bluish new leaves and buoyant seeds.
Cycasin
Cycasin (methylazoxymethanol beta-D-glucoside) is a carcinogenic, neurotoxic azoxyglycoside from cycads, isolated from Cycas revoluta seeds in 1955; gut bacterial beta-glucosidases release its toxic aglycone MAM.
Cyclamen
Cyclamen, genus of tuberous perennial herbs in Primulaceae, also called sowbread, native from Europe to Iran and NE Somalia; nodding reflexed-petaled flowers, tubers 2-24 cm, florist's cyclamen is C. persicum.
Cyclosorus
Cyclosorus Link, also synonymized under Thelypteris, is a small pantropical fern genus in Thelypteridaceae published in 1833, with x=36, veins uniting below the sinus, and the widespread species C. interruptus.
Cyclosorus interruptus
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H.Itô, swamp shield-fern or neke fern, synonym Thelypteris interrupta, is a pantropical Thelypteridaceae fern of freshwater swamps with long-creeping black rhizomes, red blade glands, and IUCN Least Concern status.
Cyclotella
Cyclotella is a genus of centric diatoms, single-celled algae with silica cell walls, common in the phytoplankton of lakes and widely used as an indicator of lake environmental change.
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, now Raphidiopsis raciborskii, is a filamentous, nitrogen-fixing freshwater cyanobacterium that blooms in lakes and reservoirs and produces the toxins cylindrospermopsin or saxitoxin, having spread from tropical waters to every continent except Antarctica.
Cymbalaria
Cymbalaria (ivy-leaved toadflaxes, Kenilworth ivy) is a Plantaginaceae genus of about 9 to 17 Mediterranean perennial species of walls and cliffs, originating ca. 4 Ma, with C. muralis widely naturalized.
Cymbidium
Cymbidium, orchid genus described by Olof Swartz in 1799, with 92 accepted species native from tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia; cool-growing, pseudobulbous epiphytes flowering late autumn to spring, originating in the early Miocene near Indo-Burma.
Cymbopogon
Cymbopogon (lemongrass, citronella grass) is a genus of about 54 aromatic Poaceae grasses native to the Old World tropics, cultivated for essential oils such as citronellal and geraniol with antifungal, repellent, and cosmetic uses.
Cymbopogon citratus
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, lemongrass or West Indian lemongrass, is a tufted aromatic Poaceae grass native to southern India and Sri Lanka (Malesian origin also proposed), rarely flowering in cultivation, with citral-rich essential oil used in cooking, medicine, and perfumery.
Cymbopogon nardus
Cymbopogon nardus, Ceylon citronella or citronella grass, is a perennial Poaceae grass native from South Sudan to South Africa and Indo-China, source of Ceylon-type citronella oil rich in citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol, distinct from Java citronella (C. winterianus).
Cynanchum
Cynanchum (swallowwort) is a genus of about 250-300 Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae twiners published by Linnaeus in 1753, native from the tropics to temperate Asia, with Madagascar and southern China as diversity centers and many species used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Cynodon
Cynodon, a small Poaceae genus of warm-season perennial grasses from southeastern Africa; includes bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), a major forage and turf grass, and triploid hybrids with C. transvaalensis used on lawns and golf courses.
Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass, couch grass, doob grass) is a C4 stoloniferous perennial grass native to the Old World, widely used as tropical lawn and pasture turf, and invasive in many regions.
Cynoglossum
Cynoglossum (hound's tongues) is a Boraginaceae herb genus, Old World to Australia, about 75-100 species, with barbed glochidiate nutlets and hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids; taxonomy recently revised toward a broader circumscription.
Cynoglossum officinale
Cynoglossum officinale, houndstongue or gypsy-flower, is a biennial Boraginaceae herb native from Europe to Siberia and Iran, invasive in North America, with barbed nutlets and pyrrolizidine alkaloids toxic to livestock via contaminated hay.
Cynometra
Cynometra (syn. Maniltoa) is a pantropical genus of Fabaceae trees and shrubs, about 85–113 accepted species, with pink young leaves, asymmetric leaflets, indehiscent fruits, timber and edible namnam fruit uses.