4,295 articles
Dwarf coconut
Dwarf coconut (Cocos nucifera var. nana), short self-pollinating coconut palm cultivars from Southeast Asia; 5–9 m tall, bears in 3–5 years, poor copra but used in D×T hybrids and tender coconut water.
Dyckia
Dyckia Schult. & Schult.f. is a genus of about 192 accepted xeromorphic bromeliad species native from Brazil to northern Argentina, with succulent spiny leaves, CAM photosynthesis, and yellow to orange flowers; also called dyckia or sawblade (D. brevifolia).
Dysphania ambrosioides
Dysphania ambrosioides, known as epazote or Mexican tea, is an aromatic herb native to the Americas, used as a culinary herb in Mexican and Caribbean cooking and in traditional medicine against intestinal parasites.
Ebenaceae
Ebenaceae, the ebony family (synonyms Lissocarpaceae, Diospyraceae), is a pantropical Ericales family of about 750 tree species in Diospyros, Euclea, and Lissocarpa, source of ebony timber and persimmon fruit.
Echeveria
Echeveria DC., also known as Mexican rosettes or Mexican snowballs, is a Crassulaceae succulent genus of about 219 accepted species native from southern Texas to northwestern Argentina, centered in Mexico, with CAM photosynthesis and rosette growth.
Echinacea
Echinacea (purple coneflower) is a North American Asteraceae genus of nine accepted species, including E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida, used medicinally since Indigenous North American practice and marketed for colds, though clinical evidence is weak.
Echinacea purpurea
Echinacea purpurea, eastern purple coneflower, is a North American Asteraceae perennial used in cold remedies; clinical evidence shows at most a weak 10-20% reduction in cold risk, with allergic and digestive side effects possible.
Echinocactus
Echinocactus (barrel cacti), Link & Otto 1827, a small Cactaceae genus native from the SW and central USA to Mexico; Kew accepts E. horizonthalonius and E. platyacanthus, with the golden barrel now Kroenleinia grusonii; CITES Appendix II.
Echinocereus
Echinocereus, commonly called hedgehog cacti, is a genus of about 85 cactus species with short cylindrical stems and funnel-shaped flowers, native to the southwestern United States and Mexico.
Echinochloa
Echinochloa (barnyard grasses, barnyard millets) is a cosmopolitan Poaceae genus of roughly 30–50 or more species; E. crus-galli is a major rice weed with herbicide resistance, while E. frumentacea and E. esculenta are cultivated millets.
Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa colona (jungle rice, junglerice, awnless barnyard grass), an annual C4 grass weed of rice and summer crops in over 60 countries; allohexaploid, highly fecund (72,973 seeds/plant), with glyphosate-resistant populations in Australia.
Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass, cockspur grass) is a coarse annual Poaceae weed of rice and other crops, native from Europe and Asia to Africa, with documented herbicide resistance and use as barnyard millet's wild ancestor.
Echium
Echium, borage family genus of 68 species native to Macaronesia, Europe, and North Africa; known for Canary Island adaptive radiation, insular woodiness, giant rosette trees like E. wildpretii, and pyrrolizidine alkaloid defenses.
Echium vulgare
Echium vulgare, viper's bugloss or blueweed, is a Eurasian Boraginaceae biennial with violet-blue flowers, pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity to livestock, and noxious-weed status in parts of North America and Australia.
Eclipta prostrata
Eclipta prostrata (false daisy, bhringraj; syn. Eclipta alba) is an Asteraceae herb of moist tropical habitats, used in Ayurveda and TCM, with coumestans such as wedelolactone as key phytochemicals.
Ecological roles of ferns
Ferns act as chemical-defended foliage for insects, facultative hosts of root fungi, nitrogen-fixing partners with Azolla in rice paddies, and microclimate engineers that enrich soils and shelter tree seedlings.
Ecology and conservation of cypresses
The ecology and conservation of cypresses concerns small, isolated California stands of fire-adapted conifers whose serotinous cones need fire to open, making fire suppression a conservation threat.
Ecology and conservation of yews (Taxus)
The ecology and conservation of yews covers the genus Taxus, shade-tolerant conifers whose red arils recruit birds as seed dispersers and whose wild populations face browsing, fire, and slow regeneration.
Ecology and habitat of Cycas
The ecology and habitat of Cycas, the largest cycad genus, spans coastal dunes, savanna, rainforest, and limestone karst in the tropics, with insect pollination and fire-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing coralloid roots.
Ecology and reproduction of haircap mosses
Haircap mosses (family Polytrichaceae) are erect, tuft-forming mosses with internal conducting strands that grow taller than most mosses, on soil in forests, mires, and disturbed ground worldwide.
Ecology of coniferous forests
Ecology of coniferous forests is the study of how forests dominated by pines, spruces, firs, and larches initiate, burn, decompose litter, cycle nutrients, and support fungi and soils.
Ecology of filmy ferns
Ecology of filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae): over 600 hygrophilous, poikilohydric ferns with one-cell-thick leaves lacking cuticle and stomata; mostly epiphytic in humid tropical montane forests, richest in Central and South America and Southeast Asia.
Ecology of Marsileaceae
The ecology of Marsileaceae, water clovers and pillworts, is shaped by unreliable wetlands: sporocarps survive decades to a century dry, then germinate within hours of wetting.
ECWP herbarium
ECWP herbarium, Emirates Centre for Wildlife Propagation herbarium in Missour, Morocco, indexed in Index Herbariorum since 2000; holds 2,450 Moroccan taxa including type specimens, supporting houbara bustard habitat research in eastern Morocco.
Edamame (枝豆)
Edamame (枝豆, maodou) is immature vegetable soybean harvested at R6-R7 when beans fill 80-90% of the pod; boiled and salted, rich in protein, with a 7-10 day harvest window and 3-10 hour postharvest sugar decline.
Edible seaweed
Edible seaweed: marine macroalgae such as nori, wakame, konbu, and gim eaten as food, rooted in East Asian cuisine, about 8 million tonnes used yearly, with iodine and cadmium safety limits and EU novel food rules.
Egeria densa
Egeria densa (Brazilian waterweed, anacharis, Elodea densa), Hydrocharitaceae submerged aquatic plant native to South America, aquarium escape, male-only invasive populations, whorls of 4–8 serrated leaves, clogs waterways.
Eggplant
Eggplant (Solanum melongena), also aubergine or brinjal, is a Solanaceae crop domesticated in South-East Asia from Solanum insanum, grown for its edible immature berry, with China and India leading production.
Egusi
Egusi: West African name for seed crops of several cucurbits, chiefly Citrullus mucosospermus (egusi melon) and Cucumeropsis mannii, whose oil- and protein-rich seeds thicken egusi soup; Nigeria is the top producer.
Ehrharta erecta
Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) is a perennial African grass, family Poaceae, native from Eritrea to South Africa and Yemen, invasive in California, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Europe, spreading by wind-borne seed.