4,295 articles
Enneapogon nigricans
Enneapogon nigricans (black-heads, nine-awn grass, bottlebrush grass) is an Australian perennial grass of Poaceae with dark, spike-like panicles and nine-awned lemmas, native from southeast Queensland to southeast Australia and used as forage.
Entada
Entada (Adans., 1763) is a pantropical legume genus (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) of lianas and trees, 40 species after Elephantorrhiza was merged in 2022, with metre-long pods, sea-heart drift seeds, and saponin-rich medicinal uses.
Entandrophragma
Entandrophragma (African mahogany genus, Meliaceae), proposed by Casimir de Candolle in 1894, comprises about 10-12 large timber tree species exclusively native to tropical and southern Africa, traded as sapelli, sipo, kosipo, and tiama.
Entandrophragma cylindricum
Entandrophragma cylindricum, sapele or sapelli, is an African Meliaceae timber tree from Sierra Leone to Uganda; about 1.3 million m³ of logs are harvested yearly and the species is IUCN Vulnerable.
Enterolobium
Enterolobium (guanacaste, ear pod tree) is a genus of eight accepted Fabaceae tree species native from Mexico to southern tropical America, with twisted ear-shaped pods, valuable timber, and dry-season livestock forage.
Eostangeria
Eostangeria is an extinct cycad genus from Paleogene Europe and western North America and Miocene Bulgaria, with fernlike, Stangeria-like leaflets but Zamiaceae epidermal anatomy, transitional between Zamia and Stangeria.
Ephedra (plant)
Ephedra (ma huang, 麻黄) is a genus of about 70 gymnosperm shrubs in Gnetales, with Gnetum and Welwitschia its closest living relatives; source of ephedrine alkaloids, banned in US supplements since 2004, with a fossil record over 110 million years old.
Epidendrum
Epidendrum (star orchids), Neotropical orchid genus named by Linnaeus in 1763; ~1900 described species (est. 2400), lip adnate to column, sister to Cattleya; reed-stem and pseudobulbous habits.
Epidendrum radicans
Epidendrum radicans (crucifix orchid, fire star orchid, ground-rooting epidendrum) is an orange-flowered terrestrial orchid native from Mexico to Colombia, distinguished from E. ibaguense by adventitious roots along its climbing stems; nectarless, butterfly-pollinated, widely cultivated.
Epidendrum secundum
Epidendrum secundum (thicket star orchid, lopsided star orchid) is a variable neotropical orchid from the Lesser Antilles to northern South America, center of the taxonomically debated E. secundum complex, pollinated by butterflies and parent of crucifix orchid hybrids.
Epidermis (botany)
Epidermis (botany): the outermost dermal cell layer of the primary plant body, secreting a cuticle on aerial organs and bearing stomata, trichomes, and root hairs; distinct from animal epidermis and from periderm.
Epilobium
Epilobium (willowherbs), genus of Onagraceae published by Linnaeus in 1753; about 190-192 accepted species of erect perennial herbs, cosmopolitan except Antarctica, formerly including fireweeds (Chamaenerion) and Zauschneria.
Epimedium
Epimedium (barrenwort, bishop's hat, fairy wings) is a genus of about 62-67 perennial Berberidaceae herbs native from the Mediterranean to East Asia, grown as shade groundcover and used in Chinese medicine as Epimedii Herba.
Epipactis
Epipactis Zinn is a genus of terrestrial orchids (Orchidaceae) of temperate Eurasia, North America, and tropical Africa, with 59 accepted species, spurless nectar-cup lips, and speciation driven by allogamy-to-autogamy transitions.
Epipactis gigantea
Epipactis gigantea, the stream orchid or giant helleborine, is the only Epipactis native to the US and Canada, a wetland orchid from British Columbia to Mexico pollinated by honeydew-mimicking syrphid flies, ranked G4/least concern.
Epipactis helleborine
Epipactis helleborine, broad-leaved helleborine, is a Eurasian orchid native from NW Africa to China, naturalized in North America since 1879, pollinated by wasps and bees, with nectar containing over 100 compounds.
Epiphyllum
Epiphyllum (orchid cactus genus) is a genus of 10 accepted epiphytic cacti in tribe Hylocereeae, native Mexico to tropical America, with flattened leaf-like branches and mostly nocturnal white flowers; horticultural 'epiphyllum hybrids' are mostly Disocactus crosses.
Epiphyllum oxypetalum
Epiphyllum oxypetalum, the queen of the night, is a spineless epiphytic cactus native from Central Mexico to Nicaragua, with fragrant white night-blooming flowers that wither by morning; IUCN Least Concern, widely cultivated as a houseplant.
Epiphyte
Epiphyte: a plant that grows on another plant for support only, taking no nutrients or water from the host. Includes orchids, bromeliads, ferns, mosses, and lichens; about 10% of vascular plant species, threatened by climate change and deforestation.
Epiphytic ecology of Polypodiaceae
The epiphytic ecology of Polypodiaceae, the polypody family of over 1,600 fern species, covers canopy strategies: foliar water uptake, desiccation tolerance, humus collecting, and ant mutualisms in tropical forests.
Epiphytic ferns
Epiphytic ferns are ferns that grow rooted on the surface of another plant, making up roughly 10% of vascular epiphyte species worldwide, mostly in tropical forests.
Epipremnum aureum
Epipremnum aureum, known as golden pothos or devil's ivy, is a climbing vine in the arum family native to Mo'orea and grown widely as a houseplant.
Equisetaceae
Equisetaceae, the horsetail family, is a spore-bearing vascular plant family whose sole living genus Equisetum has 15 species in three subgenera, a Carboniferous fossil record, and a cosmopolitan distribution.
Equisetales
Equisetales, the horsetail order of ferns (Polypodiopsida, Equisetidae), dates to the Devonian; only Equisetaceae and the genus Equisetum survive, with mid-Paleogene crown age and Triassic fossil relatives.
Equisetum
Equisetum (horsetails) is a spore-producing vascular plant found globally (except Antarctica), distinguished by hollow aerial stems and nodes. It is the sole living genus of Sphenopsida.
Equisetum arvense
Equisetum arvense, field or common horsetail (Equiseti herba), a spore-bearing perennial of Equisetaceae native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with silica-rich jointed sterile stems, spring fertile cones, EU herbal monograph use, and weed status.
Equisetum palustre
Equisetum palustre, the marsh horsetail (French prêle des marais), is a poisonous perennial horsetail of temperate Northern Hemisphere wetlands, toxic to livestock through thiaminase and alkaloids.
Eria
Eria Lindl. (1825), a conserved orchid genus in tribe Podochileae, native from tropical Asia to the Pacific; once about 350 species, now about 45 after molecular studies showed it polyphyletic.
Erica
Erica (heaths, heathers) is a large Ericaceae genus of about 851 species native from Europe to the Arabian Peninsula and Africa, centered on South Africa's Cape Floristic Region, with ericoid whorled leaves and urn-shaped flowers.
Erica arborea
Erica arborea (tree heath, briar root), Ericaceae shrub or small tree native from the Mediterranean to tropical African mountains and Arabia; source of briar-root pipe wood, IUCN Least Concern.