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Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens balsamina (凤仙花), garden balsam or rose balsam, is an annual Balsaminaceae herb native to India and Sri Lanka, grown worldwide as an ornamental and medicinal plant with explosive seed pods and over 307 identified compounds.
Imperata cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica, cogongrass or alang-alang, is a rhizomatous Poaceae grass, one of the world's worst weeds, covering about 2,000,000 km2 in the tropics, yet used for thatch, rope, paper, and traditional medicine.
Indian hemp
Indian hemp, also called kenaf, Deccan hemp, or Java jute (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), is an African-originated annual Malvaceae fiber crop grown for cordage, paper pulp, and biocomposites, unrelated to Cannabis sativa.
Indigofera
Indigofera (indigo plants), a Fabaceae legume genus of 764 species, pantropical with Africa-Madagascar as its diversity center; source of the blue dye indigo via Indigofera tinctoria and I. suffruticosa, also used as forage, medicine, and green manure, with some species toxic to livestock.
Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo, nila) is a Fabaceae shrub whose indican-rich leaves yield indigo dye; native range spans tropical Africa and South Asia, displaced commercially by synthetic indigo after 1897.
Indo-Pacific and Australasian Cyathea species
Indo-Pacific and Australasian Cyathea species are scaly tree ferns of the genus Cyathea, now mostly reassigned to other genera, ranging from New Guinea and Queensland across the Pacific.
Indolylbutyric acid
Indolylbutyric acid (indole-3-butyric acid, IBA, CAS 133-32-4) is a synthetic and endogenous auxin precursor used to root cuttings and approved in the EU as a plant growth regulator for ornamentals.
Indri (whisky)
Indri is an Indian single malt whisky brand from Piccadily Agro Industries, made in Indri village, Haryana, from six-row Rajasthan barley. Its Trini triple cask flagship and Diwali editions won Best in Show 2023; by 2024 it was India's largest-selling single malt.
Inflorescence
Inflorescence: the flower-bearing system of a plant, also called a flower cluster, defined by branching pattern and flower position. Types include raceme, cyme, panicle, spike, and umbel; determinacy is controlled by LEAFY and TERMINAL FLOWER1.
Infrageneric classification of Alsophila
Infrageneric classification of Alsophila, a scaly tree fern genus (Cyatheaceae) named by Robert Brown in 1810; covers Tryon's eight genera, Korall's four clades, and the Gymnosphaera split.
Inga
Inga is a genus of about 300 species of nitrogen-fixing trees in the legume family Fabaceae, native to tropical America and long grown as shade for coffee and cacao.
Injera (እንጀራ)
Injera (እንጀራ), also spelled enjera, is a spongy sourdough flatbread made from fermented teff flour and the traditional staple food of Ethiopia, eaten daily with wot stews.
Instituto biologico herbarium
Instituto Biológico herbarium (IBI), São Paulo: phytopathological and urediniological herbarium founded 1931 at the Instituto Biológico, holding about 13,000 rust-fungus specimens plus the Mário Barreto Figueiredo micoteca.
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN, Botanical Code): rulebook for naming these organisms; current 18th edition is the Madrid Code (2025), superseding the Shenzhen Code (2018).
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), also called the Cultivated Plant Code, regulates cultivar, Group, grex, and graft-chimaera names, with its ninth edition published in 2016.
International Cultivar Registration Authority
International Cultivar Registration Authority (ICRA): an ISHS-appointed body recording cultivar names under the ICNCP. Voluntary, non-statutory; examples include the RHS (nine groups, 4,000+ names yearly), KAVB, and APGA.
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
CIMMYT (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo), a CGIAR agricultural research center founded in 1966 in Mexico; Borlaug's Green Revolution wheat, quality protein maize, and 80% of world maize/wheat breeding lines.
Interspecific stone fruit hybrids
Interspecific stone fruit hybrids are crosses between Prunus species, chiefly plum, apricot, peach, and nectarine, including plumcots, peacotums, and the trademarked Zaiger Pluot and Aprium lines bred in California.
Introgression
Introgression: permanent transfer of genes between species via hybridization and repeated backcrossing, coined by Edgar Anderson; includes adaptive introgression, detection methods, crop breeding uses, and transgene risks.
Inula
Inula, a genus of Asteraceae herbs and shrubs with yellow flower heads, native from temperate Eurasia to Indo-China and Africa; includes elecampane (I. helenium), long used in traditional medicine, and is now largely reorganized into Pentanema.
Inulin
Inulin is a plant storage fructan of β-(2→1)-linked fructose chains, usually with a terminal glucose, found in chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, and over 36,000 plants; used as prebiotic fiber, fat and sugar replacer, and kidney function diagnostic.
Invasive pests of conifer forests
Invasive pests of conifer forests are insects and pathogens moved by human activity outside their native ranges that attack pines, spruces, firs, and hemlocks, causing more than $70 billion in damage yearly.
Ipomoea
Ipomoea (morning glories) is the largest genus of Convolvulaceae, about 800 pantropical species published by Linnaeus in 1753, including sweet potato (I. batatas), water spinach, and ornamental morning glories.
Ipomoea alba
Ipomoea alba, the moonflower (also moonvine, tropical white morning glory), is a night-blooming Convolvulaceae vine native to tropical and subtropical America, with fragrant white flowers 11–16 cm wide that open at dusk; IUCN Least Concern.
Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach, kangkong, Ong Tsoi) is a tropical Convolvulaceae herb with floating, node-rooting stems, grown as a leafy vegetable yielding 40-60 t/ha, yet a prohibited noxious weed in Florida.
Ipomoea purga
Ipomoea purga (jalap, raíz de jalapa), a Mexican tuberous morning glory of Veracruz mountains, source of the purgative drug jalap; resin glycosides, purgic acids A and B.
Ipomoea tricolor
Ipomoea tricolor, or grannyvine, is a climbing Mexican morning-glory in the Convolvulaceae, cultivated for its large funnel-shaped blue to violet flowers with a yellowish throat.
Ipomoea triloba
Ipomoea triloba (little bell, trilobed morning glory), a Convolvulaceae vine native from Mexico to Brazil and the Caribbean, naturalized as a tropical weed, prohibited in Florida, with lilac 1–2 cm flowers and three-lobed leaves.
Iridaceae
Iridaceae, the iris family (Asparagales), are perennial herbs with rhizomes, corms, or bulbs; six tepals, three stamens, and an inferior ovary. About 70 genera including Iris, Gladiolus, Crocus, and saffron.
Iris (plant)
Iris (Tourn. ex L.), the iris genus of Iridaceae, about 250–300 species of rhizomatous or bulbous perennials with three-parted flowers; source of orris root for perfumery, traditional medicine, and garden ornamentals like I. germanica.