4,295 articles
Iris × germanica
Iris × germanica, German iris or bearded iris, is the classic tall purple garden flag, an accepted I. pallida × I. variegata hybrid native to the NW Balkans, source of orris root, published by Linnaeus in 1753.
Iris cultivar classification and registration
Iris cultivar classification and registration is the system sorting garden irises into classes such as Tall Bearded and Siberian, with cultivar names registered by the American Iris Society.
Iris foetidissima
Iris foetidissima, known as stinking iris or roast beef plant, is an evergreen iris native to western Europe, grown for its winter seed pods of bright orange-red seeds.
Iris pallida
Iris pallida (sweet iris, Dalmatian iris), Lam. 1789, Iridaceae, native to N. Italy and NW Balkans; source of orris root and orris butter, whose irones form during years of rhizome aging for perfumery, gin flavoring, and fixative uses.
Iris pests and diseases
Iris pests and diseases are the insect pests, rots, fungal diseases, and viruses that attack iris, with the iris borer and bacterial soft rot the most destructive.
Iris pseudacorus
Iris pseudacorus (yellow flag iris, yellow iris) is a rhizomatous Eurasian wetland iris with yellow flowers, IUCN least concern, planted worldwide as an ornamental and invasive in North American and other wetlands outside its native range.
Iris ser. Californicae
Iris ser. Californicae, the Pacific Coast irises or Pacifica iris, is a series of 12-14 beardless iris species native from southern California to southwest Washington, forming the AIS garden class CA and famous for rampant natural hybridization.
Iris subg. Iris
Iris subg. Iris, the bearded irises, is a Eurasian subgenus of Iris with stout rhizomes, bearded falls, and sections Iris, Hexapogon, Psammiris, Pseudoregelia, Oncocyclus, and Regelia; it includes I. germanica and the six AIS garden classes.
Iris subg. Scorpiris
Iris subg. Scorpiris, commonly called the juno irises, is a subgenus of bulbous plants in the genus Iris, with about 68 species ranging from Türkiye to the Tian Shan.
Iris subg. Xiphium
Iris subg. Xiphium (Xiphium, Spanish iris Iris xiphium) is a subgenus of six bulbous, beardless iris species native to the Iberian Peninsula and North-West Africa, source of Dutch iris hybrids, with 2n=34 and debated monophyly.
Ironwood
Ironwood is a common name for dozens of unrelated hard-wood trees, including desert ironwood (Olneya tesota), hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), and Bornean ulin; their dense timber sinks in water and serves keystone ecological and cultural roles.
Isatis tinctoria
Isatis tinctoria (woad, dyer's woad, pastel) is a Brassicaceae biennial native from SE and E Europe to Türkiye, the historical European source of indigo dye via precursors indican and isatan B, displaced by tropical indigo and synthetic indigo.
Ischaemum
Ischaemum (murainagrass), grass genus in Poaceae, Andropogoneae, Ischaeminae; established by Linnaeus 1753, lectotype I. muticum; about 70-100 tropical species, mainly Asian, including rice weed I. rugosum.
Isocupressic acid
Isocupressic acid (ICA) is a labdane diterpene resin acid found in conifers such as ponderosa pine, whose needles cause abortion in cattle during late pregnancy.
Isodon
Isodon (Benth.) Schrad. ex Spach, formerly Rabdosia, is a Lamiaceae genus of about 116-150 perennial herb species native to the tropical and subtropical Old World, rich in ent-kaurane diterpenoids such as oridonin used in Chinese and Japanese medicine.
Isoetes
Isoetes (quillworts) is a cosmopolitan genus of heterosporous lycophytes with at least 200 species, centered in South America, showing reticulate evolution via hybridization and polyploidy from base number x=11.
Isoetes capensis
Isoetes capensis (Cape quillwort) is an endangered quillwort endemic to South Africa's Western Cape, growing in seasonally flooded granite and shale pools from Darling to Stellenbosch; phylogenetically it is a deeply divergent sister within Isoetes clade A.
Isoetes engelmannii
Isoetes engelmannii, Engelmann's or Appalachian quillwort, is a diploid (2n=22) aquatic lycophyte of eastern North America, the most widespread eastern quillwort, head of a 30-taxon hybrid complex, and endangered in Canada at two Ontario river sites.
Isoetes lacustris
Isoetes lacustris (lake quillwort) is a submerged, decaploid (2n=110) lycophyte of cold, oligotrophic, slightly acidic softwater lakes across Greenland, Europe, and western Siberia, distinguished from I. echinospora by ridged megaspores and greater acidification sensitivity.
Isoetes louisianensis
Isoetes louisianensis (Louisiana quillwort) is an endangered tetraploid quillwort of blackwater streams in southeastern Louisiana and southern Mississippi, described in 1973, with cristate megaspores 500-625 um and probable I. engelmannii parentage.
Isoetes sinensis (中华水韭)
Isoetes sinensis (中华水韭), the Chinese water quillwort, is a critically endangered tetraploid aquatic lycophyte of the Yangtze region, a tier I protected species in China, with a published 2.13 Gb genome and CAM photosynthesis.
Isoetes tegetiformans
Isoetes tegetiformans (mat-forming quillwort, Merlin's-grass), a mat-forming lycophyte described by Rury in 1978, endemic to vernal pools on granite outcrops in the Georgia Piedmont; federally and state listed Endangered, G1/S1, about 15 known populations.
Isotoma
Isotoma (R.Br.) Lindl., an accepted genus of about 10 Australasian Campanulaceae herbs with milky sap and equal corolla lobes; several former species moved to Lithotoma and Lobelia.
Ixia
Ixia (African cornlily) is a Cape-endemic genus of cormous Iridaceae perennials with showy star-shaped flowers, about 100 species, insect-pollinated, cultivated as ornamentals and naturalized in several continents.
Ixora
Ixora is a pantropical genus of about 545 Rubiaceae shrubs and small trees, also called flame of the woods or jungle geranium (I. coccinea), known for showy 4-merous tuberous flower clusters, ornamental hedges, and Ayurvedic medicinal use.
Ixora coccinea
Ixora coccinea (flame-of-the-woods, jungle geranium, scarlet jungleflame) is a Rubiaceae shrub native from India to Indo-China, grown tropically worldwide for red flower clusters, with folk-medicinal root and flower uses.
Jabuticaba
Jabuticaba (jaboticaba, Brazilian grape tree, Plinia cauliflora) is a slow-growing Myrtaceae fruit tree from Brazil whose dark purple berries and white flowers grow directly on the trunk (cauliflory); grown in zones 9a-11, fruiting in 8-10 years from seed.
Jacaranda
Jacaranda Juss. is a Neotropical genus of about 51 tree and shrub species in Bignoniaceae, native from tropical America to northern Argentina; Jacaranda mimosifolia, with blue-violet flowers, is a famous ornamental street tree worldwide.
Jacaranda mimosifolia
Jacaranda mimosifolia, the blue jacaranda, a South American Bignoniaceae tree with lavender-blue trumpet flowers, widely planted as a street tree but an environmental weed in Australia and South Africa.
Jaggery (गुड़)
Jaggery (गुड़, gur) is unrefined non-centrifugal sugar made by boiling sugarcane juice or palm sap. India produces over 70% of the world's jaggery; it contains 65–85% sucrose and retains minerals and polyphenols absent from refined sugar.